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Block 2 Exam 2 > Clinical Manifestations/complications > Flashcards

Clinical Manifestations/complications Flashcards

1
Q

CKD

A

High Cr, anemia, uremic frost, fluid retention (edema, CHF, HTN), abnormal electrolytes (high Na, high K, high phosph)

Also: urine problems

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2
Q

4 phases AKI

A

Initiation
Oliguria
Diuresis
Recovery

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3
Q

AKI classifications with Cr and GFR values

A

Risk 1.5x cr / GFR down 25%
Injury 2x cr / GFR down 50%
Failure 3x cr / GFR down 75%
Loss = AKI > 4 weeks
ESKD > 3 months

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4
Q

5 phases CKD with GFR values

A

1: > 90
2: 60-89
3: 30-59
4: 15-29
5: <15

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5
Q

Kidney transplant rejection

A

Oliguria, fever
Edema, high BP, weight gain, swelling and tenderness

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6
Q

Arrhythmia complications

A

Cardiac arrest, HF, thromboembolic event (especially with a fib)

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7
Q

Sinus brady

A

Less than 60
Decreased CO leading to low BP, fatigue, dizzy, SOB, syncope, confusion

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8
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

100-150
Decreased CO
HA

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9
Q

A fib

A

Atrial flutter that is disorganized
Atrial rate of 300 (with ventricular 100-200)
Loss of atrial kick
Low BP
Clot

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10
Q

CAD

A

Ischemia from plaque buildup
Angina
HF
MI
Epigastric, radiating pain, SOB, atypical symptoms with women (indigestion, nausea, palpitations, numbness, sweating, fatigue)

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11
Q

Angina

A

Central chest pain - tight, choke, heavy, may radiate
Anxiety, dyspnea, SOB, dizzy, NV, diaphoresis, doom

Older: decreased pain, increased weakness

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12
Q

MI

A

Ischemia and necrosis, cell death
Chest pain
SOB, indigestion, nausea, anxiety, cool, pale, high HR and RR

ECG: inverted t, ST elevated, abnormal q

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13
Q

Complications of cardiac surgery

A

Decreased CO, fluid and lyte, impaired gas exchange, impaired cerebral perfusion

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14
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Blood from ventricle to atrium
Mostly asymptomatic
Mitral click
No known cause

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15
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Flow back into L atrium
Fatigue, diaphoresis, DOE, edema
Acute: HF, PHTN, P edema
Murmer at apical

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16
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Low flow from atria to ventricle leads to low CO
Pulmonary arterial pressure increases
R ventricle hypertophies
Murmur, DOE, fatigue, exercise intolerance
Hemoptysis, PND, orthopnea

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17
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Blood back flow to L ventricle from aorta during diastole
Murmur at L 3 and 4
DOE, fatigue, SOB, PND

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18
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Calcification
L ventricle hypertrophy
DOE, PND, P edema, syncope
Murmur, S4, palpable vibration

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19
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Low SV stimulates SNS and RAAS
Increased SVR (resistance), Na, fluid
Increased cardiac workload but decreased CO
Decreased EF (ejection fraction)

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20
Q

DCM

A

Elevated systolic and diastolic volume
Decreased EF
Diastolic murmur

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21
Q

HCM

A

Thick septum, small cavities, long time to relax after systole
Systolic murmur, ventricular arrhythmia, HF
Syncope

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22
Q

RCM

A

Rigid ventricular walls
Dilated atria
Poor stretching and filling
Dyspnea, cough

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23
Q

Infection of heart

A

Fever, fatigue
Murmur, friction rub, HF, tachycardia, palpitations , chest pain
Nodes and legions on hands and feet, cardiomegaly, splenomegaly
Dyspnea, syncope

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24
Q

Angina complications

A

ACS, MI, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock
HF, arrhythmias

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25
MI complications
acute pulmonary edema, HF, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia and arrest, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
26
Cardiomyopathy complications
HF, arrhythmias, conduction defects, valve dysfunction Embolism (pulmonary or cerebral)
27
Lower UTI
Pain and burn Frequency Nocturia Incontinence Hematuria
28
Lower UTI complications
Urosepsis AKI CKD
29
Acute pyelonephritis
Chills, fever, NV, HA, malaise Leukocytosis, pyuria, dysuria
30
Chronic pyelonephritis complications
HTN ESRD Stones
31
Urolithiasis
Bladder: like a UTI, hematuria, retention Kidney: CVA pain, Hematuria and pyuria, flank pain, NV Ureter: incredible radiating pain
32
Bladder cancer
Painless hematuria Frequency and urgency Pelvic/back pain might be metastasis
33
Cutaneous urinary diversion complications
Skin irritation Stoma infection Leakage Reflux Pyelonephritis
34
BPH
Frequency and urgency Nocturia Hard to start Weak stream Post dribble Can’t totally empty
35
Prostate cancer
Obstruction Hematuria and hematospermia Painful ejaculation Metastasis ss: hip and back pain, peri rectal pain, anemia, weight loss, weak, nausea, oliguria
36
L HF
Pulmonary congestion, cough S3, Tachycardia DOE, SOB, orthopnea, PND Low O2 sat, Fatigue
37
R HF
Visceral and peripheral congestion High CVP JVD, edema, weight gain Hepatomegaly and Ascites
38
HF complications
Pulmonary edema Hypotension, bad perfusion, cardiogenic shock Arrhythmias Thromboembolism Pericardial effusion
39
Pulmonary edema
Hypoxemia, tachypnea, dyspnea, low LOC, anxiety Cool and clammy, cyanosis Weak rapid pulse Cough, lung congestion, frothy pink sputum
40
Cardiogenic shock
Low CO leads to bad perfusion then shock
41
Pericardial effusion
Chest pain and fullness, pulsus paradoxus, engorged neck veins, low BP, SOB
42
Cardiac tamponade
Sudden chest pain Falling systolic BP Narrowing pulse pressure Rising venous pressure Distant heart sounds
43
PAD
Claudication (cramping pain and weak/fatigue occurring with exercise; relieved with rest) Ischemic rest pain at night (distal extremity) Ulcers may become gangrenous Atrophy, skin changes, nail changes
44
PAD post op complications
Bleeding Hematoma
45
Aneurysm
Sharp sudden pain = rupture SOB, stridor, dysphagia Tachycardia
46
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal throbbing, heartbeat, pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal and back pain
47
Raynaud’s
Vasoconstriction leading to color change, numb, tingle at hands and feet
48
DVT
Swelling, painful, warm Increased pain with ambulation
49
Pulmonary embolism
Tachypnea Dyspnea Chest pain Anxiety Tachycardia Syncope May mimic HF or pneumonia
50
Heart infection complications
Effusion and tamponade, cardiomyopathy and HF
51
DM 1 and 2
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia Fatigue, weakness Poor blood flow
52
DM 1 unique CM
Sudden weight loss NV and abdominal pain
53
DM 2 unique CM
Vision Tingle or numb Dry skin Slow heal wounds
54
Hyperglycemia
Vomiting Excessive hunger and thirst Rapid heartbeat Vision problems Fruity breath
55
Hypoglycemia
Hunger Weakness Shaking Headache Inability to concentrate Slurred speech
56
HHS
Polyuria Profound dehydration Hypotension Tachycardia Altered LOC and seizures due to cerebra dehydration
57
DI
Large amounts of dilute urine Extreme thirst (2-20 L cold water)
58
SIADH
Fluid retention Hyponatremia
59
Hypothyroidism
Lethargy and weakness Numb and tingle Impaired memory and concentration Pallor and puffy face Large tongue, loss of eyebrows and hair Deep voice Decreased sweat, cold intolerance Slow pulse, cardiomegaly Gastric atrophy, weight gain, increased appetite Menorrhagia Edema Also: constipation, CAD, angina, and nail stuff Also breathing issues And myxedema coma complications
60
Hypothyroidism complications with older patients
Angina and tachyarrhythmias with rapid treatment
61
Hyperthyroidism
Nervous, tremors, insomnia Heat intolerance, warm Flushed, moist Bulging eyes, fine hair, goiter Increased appetite, weight loss High systolic, dysrhythmia, rapid pulse
62
Hyperparathyroidism
Bone decalcification Rena calculi Apathy, fatigue, weak NVC HTN and dysrhythmia
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Tetany, numb, tingle, stiff Spasm (broncho, laryngeal, carpopedal) Anxiety, irritable, depressed, delirium ECG change Also: seizures if severe hypocalcemia
64
Addison
Weak, fatigue GI and anorexia Dark pigmentation Low BP, low glucose Low sodium, high K Apathy, confusion Also: ortho hypo, fluid imbalance
65
Addisonian crisis
Shock, hypotension, rapid weak pulse, rapid RR, pallor, extreme weakness
66
Cushing
Hyperglycemia, obese, Buffalo hump, moon face, thin extremities Lethargy, weak, fragile skin, bruising, acne Slow heal, bad mood, low libido Gals get masculine traits
67
Myxedema coma
Hypothermic Coma Due to hypothyroid
68
Macro vascular long term DM complications
CV: MI, CAD Cerebral: ischemic attack, hemorrhage, memory Peripheral: atherosclerosis, ulceration/gangrene
69
Micro vascular long term DM complications
Retinopathy- macular thickening and aneurism Neuropathy- peripheral, autonomic, hypoglycemic unawareness, sexual dysfunction Nephropathy- decreased kidney filtration, pyelonephritis
70
Eosinophilic pituitary tumor
Gigantism Acromegaly
71
Basophilic pituitary tumor
Cushing
72
Hypothyroidism complications
Angina, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, CAD, myxedema coma if severe
73
Thyroid storm
Hyperthyroid emergency High temp, high HR, altered LOC, extreme hyperthyroid ss

Block 2 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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