Risk Assessment Flashcards
cross-reference
noun [C] /ˌkrɒsˈref.ər.ənts/ US /ˌkrɑːsˈref.ɚ-/
› a note in a book that tells you to look somewhere else in the book for more information about something
互見，相互參照
cross-refer /ˌkrɒs.rɪˈfɜːr/ US /ˌkrɑːs.rɪˈfɝː/ verb [T] › The main entry also cross-refers you to the appendix on page 259.
主詞條還建議你參見259頁的附錄。
determine
verb (DECIDE)
決定
/dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/ US /-ˈtɝː-/
› [T often passive] to control or influence something directly , or to decide what will happen
確定，決定；影響
The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we’re allowed to spend .
我們僱用的人數將取決於可支配資金的多少。
Your health is determined in part by what you eat .
在某種程度上你的健康狀況取決於你的飲食。
Eye colour is genetically determined.
眼睛的顏色是由遺傳基因決定的。
[+ question word] formal A pitch inspection will determine wh ether or not the match will be played .
場地檢查結果將決定這場比賽能否進行。
People should be allowed to determine their own future .
應該允許人們決定自己的未來。
› [T] formal to make a strong decision
下決心
[+ that] She determined that one day she would be an actor .
她決心將來當演員。
[+ to infinitive] On leaving jail , Joe determined to reform .
祖出獄後決心改過自新。
take sth on
The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we’re allowed to spend .
— phrasal verb with take /teɪk/ verb (took, taken)
› to accept a particular job or responsibility
接受（工作）；承擔（責任）
She took too much on and made herself ill .
她承擔的任務太重，結果病倒了。
in part
...is determined in part by .... › partly , or to some degree 部分地；在一定程度上 The deadline for applications is being extended , in part because of the postal strike . 申請的最後期限延長了，部分原因是郵局發生了罷工。
colour
ex:Eye colour
noun (APPEARANCE)
外表
UK (US color) /ˈkʌl.ər/ US /-ɚ/
› [C or U] red , blue , green , yellow , etc .
顏色
What’s your favourite colour?
你最喜歡甚麼顏色？
She wears a lot of bright colours.
她穿得很鮮艷。
What colour are your eyes ?
你的眼睛是甚麼顏色？
Does the shirt come in any other colour?
這襯衫有其他顏色的嗎？
I like rich jewel colours, such as purple , blue and green .
我喜歡濃重的寶石色，如紫色、藍色和綠色。
Are the photos in colour or black and white ?
照片是彩色的還是黑白的？
› [U] the pleasant effect of a bright colour or of a lot of colours together
色彩，色調
I think we need a bit of colour in this room .
我覺得我們這個房間需要增加一點色彩。
Red and yellow peppers give a little colour to the sauce .
紅色和黃色的辣椒給醬汁添加了一點色彩。
literary The whole garden was ablaze with/a riot of colour (= full of different bright colours).
整個花園五彩繽紛。
› [C] a substance , such as a paint or dye, which you add to something to give it a particular colour
顏料，染料
I put my new green shirt in a hot wash and the colour ran (= the colour came out of the material ).
我把新買的綠色襯衫往熱水中一泡，顏色就褪掉了。
› [U] a pink colour in someone’s face , often showing good health or showing feelings such as embarrassment or excitement
紅潤的面色；血色，氣色
That walk has put some colour in your cheeks .
散散步使你的氣色好看些了。
I watched the colour drain from her face as she heard the news .
我注意到她得知這消息後臉色煞白。
She has a high colour (= The natural colour of her face is red ).
她面色紅潤。
pitch
ex: pitch inspection (運動場地檢查)
noun [C] (SPORTS FIELD)
運動場
/pɪtʃ/ UK (US field)
› an area painted with lines for playing particular sports , especially football
運動場地；（尤指）足球場
a football / hockey / cricket pitch
足球／曲棍球／板球場
Supporters invaded (= ran onto) the pitch.
球迷都跑進了球場。reform
verb [I or T] /rɪˈfɔːm/ US /-ˈfɔːrm/
› to make an improvement , especially by changing a person’s behaviour or the structure of something
（尤指透過改變人的行為或事物的構造而）改革，改進，改造
Who will reform Britain’s unfair electoral system ?
誰將改革英國不公正的選舉制度呢？
For years I was an alcoholic , but I reformed when the doctors gave me six months to live .
我酗酒多年，但當醫生預計我只能再活六個月時，我就改過自新了。
reformation /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ US /-ɚ-/ noun [C or U] › He’s undergone something of a reformation - he’s a changed man.
可以說他經歷了洗心革面般的變化——他變了個人。
infinitive
noun [C] /ɪnˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/ US /-ə.t̬ɪv/ specialized
› the basic form of a verb that usually follows ‘to’
（動詞）原形，不定式
In the sentences ‘I had to go’ and ‘I must go’, ‘go’ is an infinitive.
在句子 I had to go 和 I must go 中，go 為不定式。
‘Go’ is the infinitive form .
go 是動詞原形。
in (a) large part
to an important degree
在很大程度上，多半
How quickly we can finish the project depends in (a) large part on when we get the payments through.
我們能多快完成這個專案計劃很大程度上取決於應付的款項甚麼時候辦妥。
for the most part
for the most part › mostly or usually
一般地，通常
He was, for the most part, quite helpful .
他通常都很樂於助人。
ablaze
adjective [after verb] /əˈbleɪz/ › burning very strongly 猛烈燃燒的；烈火熊熊的 The house was ablaze, and the flames and smoke could be seen for miles around. 房子燃起了熊熊大火，方圓幾英里都能看到烈焰和濃煙。 › brightly lit or brightly coloured 閃耀的；發光的；明亮的；色彩鮮艷的 The ballroom was ablaze with lights . 舞廳裡燈火輝煌。 The field was ablaze with poppies and wild flowers . 田野裡開滿了罌粟和野花，五彩繽紛。 › full of energy , interest or emotion 熱烈的；興致勃勃的；充滿激情的 Her eyes were ablaze with excitement . 她激動得兩眼閃放光芒。
substance
noun (MATERIAL)
材料
/ˈsʌb.stənts/
› [C or U] material with particular physical characteristics
物質；材料
an organic / chemical substance
有機／化學物質
What sort of substance could withstand those temperatures ?
哪種物質能夠承受那樣的溫度？
illegal substance formal › an illegal drug
毒品
the colour drain from her face
She has a high colour
臉色煞白
面色紅潤
drain
verb (REMOVE LIQUID)
去除液體
/dreɪn/
› [I or T] If you drain something, you remove the liquid from it, usually by pouring it away or allowing it to flow away, and if something drains, liquid flows away or out of it
（使）排出，（使）排放，放乾（液體）
Drain the pasta thoroughly .
把義大利麵中的水完全瀝乾。
We drained the pond and filled it with fresh water .
我們把池塘中的水放乾後重新注入清水。
Drain (off) any liquid that is left in the rice .
把大米徹底瀝乾。
Don’t bother drying the pans - just leave them to drain.
不用專門擦乾平底鍋——讓其滴乾就行了。
› [T] If you drain a glass or cup , you drink all the liquid in it.
喝光，喝乾
withstand
verb [T] /wɪðˈstænd/ (withstood)
› to bear or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully
經受；承受；頂住
a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes
具有抗震設計的橋樑
Our toys are designed to withstand the rough treatment of the average five-year-old.
我們的玩具設計要能經得住一般五歲兒童粗野的擺弄。
The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to withstand ground and air attacks .
空軍基地有特殊設計的掩體保護，能夠抵擋地面和空中襲擊。
She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time (= it will still be popular in the future ).
她這樣一位元藝術家的作品毫無疑問能經受得起時間的考驗。
behaviour
noun [U] UK (US behavior) /bɪˈheɪ.vjər/ US /-vjɚ/
› Someone’s behaviour is how they behave
行為，舉止
Her behaviour is often appalling .
她的行為舉止經常都是糟糕得很。
He was notorious for his violent and threatening behaviour.
他因暴力和威脅行為而聲名狼藉。
invade
verb /ɪnˈveɪd/
› [I or T] to enter a country by force with large numbers of soldiers in order to take possession of it
入侵，侵略
Concentrations of troops near the border look set to invade within the next few days .
部隊在邊境附近集結，看來幾天內必定會入侵。
› [I or T] to enter a place in large numbers , usually when unwanted and in order to take possession or do damage
（通常為了謀財或搞破壞而不受歡迎地）湧入，蜂擁而至
Hundreds of squatters have invaded waste land in the hope that they will be allowed to stay .
數百人湧入荒地，希望能獲准留在那裡。
› [T] to enter an area of activity in a forceful and noticeable way
強勢進入（某領域）
Maria looks set to invade the music scene with her style and image .
看來瑪麗亞準備好了要憑藉她自身的風格和形象進軍樂壇。
› [T] to spoil a situation or quality that another person values with very noticeable and selfish behaviour
侵犯，侵擾
Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press .
名人常常發現個人隱私受到新聞界的侵犯。
electoral
electoral adjective [before noun] /ɪˈlek.tər.əl/ US /-tɚ-/ › relating to an election （有關）選舉的 the electoral system 選舉制度 electoral law / reform / gains / defeat 選舉法／改革／取得的進展／失利 electorally /ɪˈlek.tər.ə.li/ US /-tɚ-/ adverb
undergo/ubdergoing/undergone
Verb [T] /ˌʌn.dəˈɡəʊ/ US /-dɚˈɡoʊ/ (present participle undergoing, past tense underwent, past participle undergone)
› to experience something which is unpleasant or which involves a change
經歷，經受（令人不快的事或變化）
She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year .
她在去年做了一次左肺腫瘤切除手術。
Cinema in Britain is undergoing a revival of popularity .
英國的電影院正經歷著一場復興。
alcoholic
adjective /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ US /-ˈhɑː.lɪk/
› containing alcohol
含酒精的
Could I have something non-alcoholic , like orange juice , please ?
能給我來些不含酒精的飲料嗎，比如柳橙汁甚麼的？
to a/some degree
partly : To some degree I think that’s right , but there are other factors which affect the situation
honors degree
noun [C] (formal degree with honors)
› in the US, a degree from a school , college , or university that shows that a student has done work of a very high standard → Compare honours degree
honours degree
noun [C] (formal degree with honours)
› in the UK, a first university degree , based especially on one subject
to the nth degree
as much or as far as possible : We were questioned to the nth degree .
appalling
adjective /əˈpɔː.lɪŋ/ US /-ˈpɑː-/ › shocking and very bad 駭人聽聞的，令人震驚的；極為惡劣的 appalling injuries 慘不忍睹的傷處 Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions . 犯人被關押在條件極其惡劣的地方。 › very bad 壞到極點的；糟透的 appalling weather 糟透了的天氣 The journey home was appalling. 回家時的一路行程極不順利。 appallingly /əˈpɔː.lɪŋ.li/ US /-ˈpɑː-/ adverb › The number of casualties was appallingly high in both wars . 兩次戰爭中傷亡之慘重令人震驚。 The whole play was appallingly (= very badly ) acted . 整齣戲演得一塌糊塗。
notorious
adjective /nəʊˈtɔː.ri.əs/ US /noʊˈtɔːr.i-/
› famous for something bad
臭名昭著的，聲名狼藉的
one of Britain’s most notorious criminals
英國最臭名昭著的罪犯之一
The company is notorious for paying its bills late.
該公司出了名地喜歡拖欠帳單。
notoriously /nəʊˈtɔː.ri.ə.sli/ US /noʊˈtɔːr.i-/ adverb › The crime of rape is notoriously (= famous as being) difficult to prove .
眾所周知，強姦罪難以取證。
threatening
adjective /ˈθret.ən.ɪŋ/ /-nɪŋ-/
› expressing a threat of something unpleasant or violent
威脅（性）的，恐嚇（性）的
threatening behaviour
威脅行為
threateningly /ˈθret.ən.ɪŋ.li/ /-nɪŋ-/ adverb
concentration
noun [C or U] (AMOUNT)
數量
/ˌkɒnt.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːnt-/
› a large number or amount of something in the same place
集中；聚集；匯集
There is a heavy concentration of troops in the area .
該地區有重兵駐紮。
› specialized the exact amount of one particular substance that is found in another substance
濃度
a concentration of one part per million
百萬分之一的濃度
High concentrations of toxic elements were found in the polluted areas .
在受污染地區發現了高濃度的有毒元素。
