Granting License Flashcards
campaign
noun [C] /kæmˈpeɪn/
› a planned group of especially political , business or military activities which are intended to achieve a particular aim
（尤指政治、商業或軍事的）運動
The protests were part of their campaign against the proposed building development in the area .
抗議是他們反對擬在該地區進行房地產開發的運動的一部分。
This is the latest act of terrorism in a long-standing and bloody campaign of violence .
這是由來已久的血腥暴力運動中的最新一次恐怖活動。
The endless public appearances are an inevitable part of an election campaign.
沒完沒了的公開露面是競選活動不可或缺的組成部分。
She’s the campaign organizer for the Labour Party .
她是工黨的競選組織者。
The government have just launched (= begun ) their annual Christmas campaign to stop drunken driving .
政府剛剛展開其一年一度的制止酒後駕車的聖誕運動。
a controversial new advertising campaign
備受爭議的新的廣告宣傳活動
profit margin
noun [C]
› the profit that can be made in a business after the costs have been subtracted
利潤率，利潤幅度
Many small companies operate on very narrow profit margins .
許多小公司靠非常微薄的利潤維持經營。
demography
noun [U] /dɪˈmɒɡ.rə.fi/ US /-ˈmɑː.ɡrə-/
› the study of changes in the number of births , marriages , deaths , etc . in a particular area during a period of time
人口統計學
historical demography
歷史人口統計學
› The demography of an area is the number and characteristics of the people who live in an area , in relation to their age , sex , whether they are married or not, etc .
人口統計，人口狀況
The increase in the number of young people leaving to work in the cities has had a dramatic impact on the demography of the villages .
越來越多的年輕人到城市工作，這對鄉村人口狀況產生了巨大影響。
once-over
give sth/sb the once-over › to look at and examine something or someone quickly
對…草草檢查一下；對…走馬看花地看一遍
The security guards gave me the once-over, but they didn’t ask me for any identification .
保安人員草草掃了我一眼，但是他們沒有向我要任何證件。
put out
推出
ex:The band put out its third album to great critical acclaim.
US slang — phrasal verb with put /pʊt/ verb (present
tense putting, past tense and past participle put)
› ( especially of a woman) to agree to have sex
（尤指女性）願意性交
I wasn’t going to put out just because he’d paid for dinner .
我可不會因為他請我吃了晚飯就和他上床。
formality
noun (ACTION)
行動
/fɔːˈmæl.ə.ti/ US /-t̬i/
› [C] something which has to be done but which has no real importance
禮節；俗套；例行公事
You’ll have to sign the visitors ‘ book , but it’s just a formality.
你得在訪客簿上簽名，不過這只是例行公事而已。
formalities [plural] › something that the law or an official process says must be done
法定程式；正式手續
We’ll have to observe the formalities (= do what is expected ).
我們必須遵守法定程式。
cutesy
adjective /ˈkjuːt.si/ informal disapproving
› artificially attractive and pleasant , especially in a childish way
（尤指孩子般）矯揉造作的，忸怩作態的
She sent me one of those awful birthday cards with a cutesy kitten on it.
她寄給我一張難看的生日賀卡，上面有一隻神態忸怩的小貓。
spike
noun [C] /spaɪk/
急遽增加
› a narrow thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal , with this shape
尖頭，尖刺；（尤指金屬的）尖狀物
There were large spikes on top of the railings to stop people climbing over them.
欄杆頂端裝著粗大的尖釘，防止有人攀越。
Some types of dinosaur had sharp spikes on their tails .
有些種類的恐龍尾部有鋒利的尖突。
stimulate
verb /ˈstɪm.jʊ.leɪt/
› [T] to encourage something to grow , develop or become active
激發，激勵；促進
The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy .
政府計劃減稅以刺激經濟發展。
› [I or T] to make someone excited and interested about something
刺激，使興奮；使感興趣
The film was intended to stimulate and amuse .
這部電影的主要目的是助興和娛樂。
[+ obj + to infinitive ] Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate students to think .
好的老師應該問一些能激發學生思考的問題。
Erotic images are often more sexually stimulating to men than to women.
色情影像在性方面對男性的刺激作用大於女性。
› [T] specialized to cause part of the body to operate
促進（身體某部位）的功能
The drugs stimulate the damaged tissue into repairing itself.
藥物促使受損組織自行修復。
Standing on your head is supposed to stimulate hair growth .
據信倒立可以促進頭髮生長。
stick to
noun [U] /stɪkˈtuː.ɪt.ɪv.nəs/ US informal
› the ability and determination to continue doing something despite difficulties
堅忍不拔；不屈不撓
=adhere to
=cling to
=hold on to
adhere to
— phrasal verb with adhere /ədˈhɪər/ US /-ˈhɪr/ verb [I] formal
› to continue to obey a rule or have a belief
堅持；遵守；忠於
She adhered to her principles / ideals throughout her life .
她終生對自己的原則／理想忠貞不渝。
They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement / treaty .
他們沒有遵守協議／條約的條款。
The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text .
顯然，譯者嚴格忠實於原文。
cling to
— phrasal verb with cling /klɪŋ/ verb (clung)
› to refuse to stop believing or hoping for something
堅持，保持，死死抱住（信念或希望）
She clings to the hope that her husband will come back to her.
她堅信丈夫一定會回到自己身邊。
the nitty-gritty
noun [S] /ˌnɪt.iˈɡrɪt.i/ US /ˌnɪt̬.iˈɡrɪt̬-/ informal
› the basic facts of a situation
基本事實；本質
Let’s get down to the nitty-gritty - when can you finish the building and how much will it cost ?
讓我們來談談實質問題——你們何時能完工，造價是多少？
steep
It’s rather steep.(指對方要求金額過高)
adjective (NOT GRADUAL)
不平緩的
/stiːp/
› (of a slope ) rising or falling at a sharp angle
（斜坡）陡的，陡峭的
a steep slope
陡坡
It’s a steep climb to the top of the mountain , but the view is worth it.
爬上山頂的路非常陡，不過風景非常好，值得一爬。
The castle is set on a steep hill / hillside .
城堡坐落在陡峭的山／山坡上。
› A steep rise or fall is one which goes very quickly from low to high or from high to low
（上升或下降）急劇的，大起大落的
There has been a steep increase / rise in prices .
物價飛漲。
take into account
(also take account of)
› to consider or remember when judging a situation
考慮到；顧及
I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper .
我希望老師在閱卷時，能夠考慮到我恰好在考試前生病這個情況。
A good architect takes into account the building’s surroundings .
一位好的建築師會考慮到建築物的周邊環境。
Britain’s tax system takes no account of children .
英國的稅制沒有把兒童考慮在內。
I think you have to take into account that he’s a good deal younger than the rest of us.
我認為你必須考慮到他比我們其他人都要年輕得多。
reserve
verb [T] /rɪˈzɜːv/ US /-ˈzɝːv/
› to keep something for a particular purpose or time
把…專門留給；把…留作；保留
I reserve Mondays for tidying my desk and answering letters .
我把週一的時間留出來專門清理辦公桌和回覆信件。
These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies .
這些座位是專留給老人和抱小孩的婦女的。
I reserve judgment on this issue (= I won’t give an opinion on it now) until we have more information .
在我們得到更多的資訊之前，我暫不對此事發表意見。
› If you reserve something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant , you arrange for it to be kept for your use
預訂；預約
I reserved a double room at the Lamb Hotel .
我在蘭姆飯店預訂了一間雙人房。
[+ two objects] If you get there early, reserve me a seat /reserve a seat for me.
如果你先到那裡，給我預訂個座位。
subject
受....支配的；易受...的
be subject to...
受制於...
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adjective (HAVING)
擁有
/ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
be subject to sth › to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant
有；遭受，承受
Cars are subject to a high domestic tax .
買汽車要繳很高的國內稅。
In recent years , she has been subject to attacks of depression .
近年來，她一直飽受憂鬱症的折磨。leeway
noun [U] (FREEDOM)
(案個人意願做事的)空間、餘地
自由
/ˈliː.weɪ/
› freedom to act within particular limits
自由空間，自由度，餘地
Local councils will be given some leeway as to how they implement the legislation .
地方議會實施該項立法會有一定的自由度。essential
adjective /ɪˈsen.tʃəl/
› necessary ; needed
必要的，必不可少的
Government support will be essential if the project is to succeed .
這個企劃案能否成功，政府的支援至關重要。
There is essential work to be done before the building can be re-occupied.
這棟建築在重新入住前必須進行必要的維修。
Water is essential for/to living things.
水對於生物來說是不可或缺的。
It is essential (that) our prices remain competitive .
我們保持價格方面的競爭優勢是至關重要的。
[+ to infinitive] For the experiment to be valid , it is essential to record the data accurately .
要保證實驗的有效性，就必須精確地記錄資料。
set in stone
已定案的
ex: The essential look is set in stone.
ex: Nothing is set in stone, yet.
not be set/carved in stone
UK (US not be carved/etched in stone) › to not be fixed and able to be changed 還未確定；未成定局 These are just a few ideas - nothing is set in stone yet . 這還只是一些想法——甚麼都還沒定下來。
flexibility
adjective (CHANGEABLE)
可改變的
/ˈflek.sɪ.bl̩/
› able to change or be changed easily according to the situation
可變動的；靈活的；可變通的
My schedule is quite flexible - I could arrange to meet with you any day next week .
我的時間安排很靈活——下周任何一天我都可以安排與你見面。
aspect
noun [C] (FEATURE)
特點
/ˈæs.pekt/
› one part of a situation , problem , subject , etc .
方面；層面
Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy ?
你最喜歡這份工作的哪些方面？
His illness affects almost every aspect of his life .
他的疾病幾乎影響到他生活的各方面。
That’s the most worrying aspect of the situation .
這是局勢最令人擔心的一面。
Lighting is a vitally important aspect of film-making.
燈光是電影製作中一個至關重要的方面。
Have you thought about the problem from every aspect?
你是不是已經全面地考慮過這個問題？
variation
a change in amount or level
變化；變動
Unemployment rates among white-collar workers show much less regional variation than corresponding rates among blue-collar workers .
白領工作者的失業率與藍領工人相比，地區性差異要小得多。
The medical tests showed some variation in the baby’s heart rate .
醫學檢驗顯示出嬰兒的心率有些不齊。
global temperature variations over the last 140 years
過去140年間全球氣溫的變化
