Risk Assessment Flashcards
Colorectal screening in patients with first-degree relatives with a history of colon cancer
10 years prior to when the relative was diagnosed with colon cancer, or at age 40 (whichever comes first)
Repeat in 5 years
possible side effects of hormone replacement therapy for women
stroke
gallstones
blood clots
Does hormone replacement therapy prevent or cause osteoporosis?
HRT helps prevent osteoporosis
How often should adolescents have a complete physical exam?
Three visits: 11-14, 15-17, 18-21
When should adolescents and young adults (11-39) receive the HPV vaccine?
Ages 9-14: Series of two 6 months apart
Ages 15-26: Series of three at 0, 2, and 6 months
Ages 31-39: Series of three at 0, 2, and 6 months after shared decision making
HBV triple panel test
HBsAg
Anti-HBs
Total Anti-HBc
When should adolescents and adults (11-59) screen for HBV?
Starting at age 18, at least once in a lifetime.
Susceptible people should be tested periodically (e.g. Hx of STI or HCV)
How often should people receive Td/Tdap booster?
As early as age 7, every 10 years
Tdap: active or passive immunity?
active
How often should adolescents and adults (11-59) receive PPD screening?
Once during adolescence
Every 2 years if at risk or with any exposure to TB
How often should young/middle aged adults (20-59) have a complete physical exam?
every 5-6 years
How often should young/middle aged (20-59) women get a Pap smear and HPV co-test?
every 3 years
HPV co-test every 5 years
How often should adults undergo total cholesterol and HDL screening?
Starting at age 20, every 5 years unless cholesterol >200 mg/dl
Pneumococcal vaccine schedule for ages 19-64 with certain underlying conditions AND ages >65
PCV15 followed by PPSV23 >1 year
OR
PCV20
Mammogram schedule
Ages 45-54: every year
Age >55: every 2 years
When to start screening for prostate cancer
Family history of prostate cancer or African American:
- Age 40: digital prostate exam, PSA
Everyone else: age 50
When should middle aged adults (40-59) receive the HPV vaccine?
Series of three at 0, 2, and 6 months after shared clinical decision making
When to start screening for colorectal cancer?
age 45
Stool-based (annual fecal immunochemical test or multi target stool DNA test every 3 years)
OR
colonoscopy every 10 years
How often should middle aged adults (40-59) undergo glaucoma screening
annually
herpes zoster (Shingrix) vaccine schedule
age 50
series of two, second dose 2-6 months later
How often should older adults (>60) have a complete physical exam?
every 2 years
Major causes of death in adolescents
Accidents
Homicide
Suicide
Malignancy
Cardiovascular disease
Major causes of death in young adults
Accidents
Homicide
Suicide
Liver disease
Heart disease
Malignancy
Covid-19
Major causes of death in middle aged adults
Heart disease
Accidents
Malignancy
Liver disease
Suicide
DM
Covid-19
Major causes of death in elderly adults
Heart disease
CVA
COPD
Alzheimer’s disease
Malignancy
Top killers of adults in the US
Heart disease (CAD, HF, MI, cardiomyopathy)
cancer
covid-19
accidents
CVA
Cancer with the highest mortality rate in men and women
lung cancer
Leading GYN-associated cancer killer in women
ovarian cancer (no screening exam)
followed by breast cancer
Pneumococcal vaccine is indicated for..
Ages 65 or older
Ages 19-64 who smoke or have asthma
Hx of lung, heart, liver, or kidney disease
Hx of chronic diseases or conditions (e.g. DM, cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, CSF leak, cochlear implant, alcoholism)
Weakened immune system d/t conditions, diseases, or medications
Who should be considered for Hepatitis A vaccine?
military personnel
travelers to endemic areas
men who have sex with men
Who should be considered for the Hepatitis B vaccine?
health care workers
high risk patients
Mumps vaccine: how many doses?
If born before 1957: Consider 1 dose of vaccine unless evidence of immunity (clinically diagnosed mumps or positive serology)
If born after 1957: 2 doses of vaccine unless evidence of immunity
Who should be considered for the meningococcal vaccine?
adolescents ages 11-12
“catch up” for college students, military personnel, immunocompromised, travelers (Africa)
Routine vaccines for adults 65 and older
Tdap
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Shingles
PCV: contradindications
Hx of severe allergic reaction to either pneumococcal vaccine or diphtheria toxoid
contraindications for live attenuated influenza vaccine
age >49 or <2
allergy
immunocompromised
transplant recipient
inactivated influenza vaccine should be received annually for prophylaxis
