Rise of the Nazis (1924-39) Flashcards
What was the Kapp Putsch?
Kapp Putsch (March ‘20) was response to ordered disbandment 2 Freikorps groups. Anti-Weimar Kapp (Fatherland Party) and General Von Luttwitz led coup. It was ended by Ebert’s worker strike.
Who did right wing anti-Weimar radicals assassinate?
Erzberger ‘21 (Repre for Repar) and Rathenau ‘22 (Foreign Minister)
What caused the Munich Beer Hall Putsch, when did it happen, who led it and the consequences?
‘23 Hyperinflation and end of passive resistance in Ruhr infuriated Hitler. November 1923. 16 Nazis killed. Hitler arrested for treason. Sentenced to just 5 yrs.
What did Hitler do in prison?
In a 1 year sentence he wrote his extremist racist manifesto called Mein Kampf (My Struggle), shaping the Nazi ideology, and blaming other social groups for Germany’s failure - jews, communists etc.
When was Hitler released from prison?
HItler was released early - December 1924
What role was Goebbels appointed?
Goebbels became Gauleiter of Berlin
When was Goebbels appointed Gauleiter of Berlin?
1926
How much did Nazi membership increase from 1925-7?
From 27,000 to 72,000
What was the difference in votes for Nazis between 1924 and 1928?
32 seats + 6.5% in 1924, 12 seats + 2.6% in 1928
Why was the September 1930 election so important for the Nazis?
The nazis increased their vote from 2.6% to 18.3% with 107 seats in the Reichstag.
What schemes did Hitler use to domesticate the Nazi’s public image.
Hitler Youth in 1926 and National Socialist Teachers Association in 1929.
Why was the June 1932 election so important for the Nazis?
The nazis got 230 seats, becoming the majority over the KPD. They did lose some seats in the November 1932 elections.
What did Schleicher learn about Papen?
Von Papen threatened to dissolve Reichstag and become more military, forceful and authoritarian.
When did Hitler become chancellor?
30 January 1933
What was Goring’s role in this early chancellorship of Hitler?
Control of police - finding who they plan to target, terrorise and vicitimise
What was one of Hitler’s core principles?
Antisemitism. He expanded on this in Mein Kampf.
What did Hitler argue Jews were doing, in Mein Kampf?
Planning to undermine and destroy German values and invented communism to win support of masses.
Who did Hitler blame in Mein Kampf for their WWI defeat in 1918?
The Jews.
What were Hitler’s two key objectives in 1933?
Securing power and economic recovery. He hid his antisemitism to protect his image.
What happened on 1 April 1933?
A day-long nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses.
When was the nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses?
1 April 1933
How successful was the 1 April boycott in 1933?
Wasn’t unanimous. Some people were violent, others ignored the pickets. It did not win overall support.
When did the Anti-Semitic laws come into place?
7 April 1933 = Jews not allowed legal/civil service jobs. 22 April 1933 = Jewish doctors banned from working in the state health system, limited to 5% of school populations Jewish.
What did Goebbels do in May 1933?
Book burnings of Jewish work/any opposition.
What did the 7 April Anti-Semitic law do?
Banished Jews from legal/civil service work.
What did the 22 April Anti-Semitic law do?
Banned Jews from working in the state health system.
What did the 25 April Anti-Semitic law do?
Jewish students at school/university limited to 5%.
How did the Hindenburg clause slightly protect Jews from the Anti-Semitic laws of 1933?
Meant that 70% of Jewish doctors and 75% of Jewish lawyers kept their jobs for a little longer.
What marked a key turning point for the Nazis’ policy towards the Jews?
The Nuremberg Laws of 1935
What did the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 do?
Jews officially became second-class citizens.
Jews denied German citizenship.
German-Jewish marriages banned.
Jews prohibited from employing German female servants under 45.
What was a ‘Jew’ classified as?
Someone with 3 or more Jewish grandparents.
What was a ‘Mischlinge’ classified as?
Someone with 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents.
What would men need to prove to get into the SS?
Aryan ancestry back to 1650?
When were the last Jewish civil servants dismissed? What did this mean for working Jews.
- Jews could no longer be employed in any state service.
What event caused Goring to intensify the Anti-Semitic legislation?
The Berlin 1936 Olympics.
What did Goring do in the aftermath of the 1936 Berlin Olympics?
Bought up Jewish firms and confiscated Jewish assets.
Despite the mass confiscation of Jewish assets, how many Jewish businesses were left by April 1938?
40,000
When was the Anschluss?
12 March 1938
What did Goring do after the Anschluss?
Issued the Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property in April 1938
What did the Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property do?
All Jewish property worth > RM 5,000 has to be registered and could not be sold/leased w/o government permission.
What happened in June 1938?
Jewish doctors prohibited from treating German patients - later included lawyers, vets and dentists.
What event sparked violence against Jews in November 1938?
The murder of a German embassy official in Paris by a Jewish youth.
What was 9-10 November 1938?
Kristallnacht
What was the destruction caused by Kristallnacht?
8,000 Jewish businesses, synagogues and homes destroyed, about 100 Jews killed, 20,000 arrested
What happened on 12 November 1938?
Goring called a conference to co-ordinate Nazi policy against Jews. Called for a RM 1 Billion fine to be paid by Jews for Kristallnacht. Later, Jews were banned from economic activity.
What was proposed by SS Deputy Heydrich at the 12 November 1938 conference?
To force Jews to wear identity badge which came into force in 1941.
How many Jews were incorporated into the Reich in 1938?
200,000
What did Eichmann set up in Vienna in August ‘38?
The Central Office for Jewish Emigration
What happened to Jewish property in late 1938?
It was seized/used to pay for emigration.
In 1939, what was set up by the SS?
A Reich Association for organising Jewish emigration.
Who was in charge of Nazi Jewish Policy by 1939?
The SS.
When was the Bamberg conference at what happened?
Feb 1926. Strasser attempted to make party more socialist. Hitler thwarts this attempt. Brandished Mein Kampf.
