Rise of nationalism in Europe

Question 1

What was the outcome of conservative forces’ attempts to suppress liberal movements until 1848?

Answer 1

They could not restore the old order.

Question 2

What did monarchs in Central and Eastern Europe do after 1848 to address revolutionary pressures?

Answer 2

They made promises with liberal-nationalist revolutionaries.

Question 3

What significant changes occurred in Central and Eastern Europe after 1848?

Answer 3

Serfdom and bonded labour were abolished.

Question 4

What was the issue of extending political rights to women within the liberal movement?

Answer 4

Women participated actively but were not allowed to vote.

Question 5

Where were women admitted only as observers during the Frankfurt Parliament?

Answer 5

At the Church of St. Paul.

Question 6

What is the Civil Code of 1804 of France commonly known as?

Answer 6

Napoleonic Code.

Question 7

Which social and political class was dominant in Europe in the mid 18th century?

Answer 7

The aristocracy.

Question 8

Which country’s independence was recognized by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832?

Answer 8

Greece.

Question 9

Who was the King of Prussia during the unification of Germany?

Answer 9

William I.

Question 10

In which year did the first upheaval take place in France?

Answer 10

1789.

Question 11

What sentiments were promoted in Germany after 1848?

Answer 11

Nationalist sentiments.

Question 12

What was the objective of the middle class in Germany in 1848?

Answer 12

To unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected Parliament.

Question 13

Who led the movement for national unification in Prussia?

Answer 13

Otto Von Bismarck.

Question 14

What were the three wars fought by Prussia that led to German unification?

Answer 14

Wars against Austria, Denmark, and France.

Question 15

When was William I declared the German Emperor?

Answer 15

January 1871.

Question 16

What highlighted the dominance of the Prussian government during the nation-building process in Germany?

Answer 16

The emphasis on modernizing currency, banking, legal and judicial systems.

Question 17

How many states was Italy divided into during the middle of the 19th century?

Answer 17

Seven states.

Question 18

Who was the only Italian Princely House ruling state in Italy during the 19th century?

Answer 18

Sardinia-Piedmont.

Question 19

Who led the army that marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860?

Answer 19

Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Question 20

What significant event occurred in Italy in 1861?

Answer 20

Victor Emmanuel II was declared king of United Italy.

Question 21

Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

Answer 21

A revolutionary who actively supported the Unification of the Italian states.

Question 22

Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

Answer 22

An Italian revolutionary and member of the Carbonari

Mazzini is known for his efforts in Italian unification and founding secret societies.

Question 23

What secret societies did Giuseppe Mazzini found?

Answer 23

• Young Italy in Marseilles
• Young Europe in Berne

These societies included like-minded young men from various European nations.

Question 24

What did Mazzini believe about nations?

Answer 24

Nations were intended by God to be natural units for humanity.

Question 25

What was Mazzini's stance on the Italian states?

Answer 25

Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms; it had to be unified for liberty.

Question 26

What was Metternich's view of Mazzini?

Answer 26

He described Mazzini as 'the most dangerous enemy of the social order.'

Question 27

Who took on the task of unifying Italy after failed uprisings?

Answer 27

King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont.

Question 28

Who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy?

Answer 28

Count Camillo Cavour.

Question 29

What was Count Cavour's approach to Italian unification?

Answer 29

He formed an alliance with France to defeat Austrian forces in 1859.

Question 30

Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?

Answer 30

A prominent personality in the unification of Italy.

Question 31

What movement did Garibaldi join in 1833?

Answer 31

The Young Italy Movement.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Garibaldi led the expedition to South Italy and the Kingdom of two _______.

Answer 32

Sicilies.

Question 33

What happened in 1870 regarding the Papal states?

Answer 33

France withdrew its troops, and the Papal states were finally joined to Italy.

Question 34

What was the primary identity of the people in the British Isles before the 18th century?

Answer 34

Ethnic identities like English, Welsh, Scot, or Irish.

Question 35

What significant event occurred in 1688 in England?

Answer 35

The English Parliament seized power from the monarchy.

Question 36

What symbolized the new British nation?

Answer 36

* The Union Jack * National Anthem (God Save Our King) * The English language.

Question 37

What was the Act of Union (1707)?

Answer 37

It resulted in the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain by incorporating Scotland into England.

Question 38

What was the religious division in Ireland during British rule?

Answer 38

Catholics and Protestants.

Question 39

Who led the revolt of Catholics in Ireland?

Answer 39

Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen.

Question 40

What happened in 1801 regarding Ireland?

Answer 40

Ireland was forcibly included in the United Kingdom of Britain.

Question 41

What did artists portray as the nation in the 18th and 19th centuries?

Answer 41

Female figures as allegories of the nation.

Question 42

What was the female allegory of France?

Answer 42

Marianne.

Question 43

What characteristics were associated with Marianne?

Answer 43

* The red cap * The tricolour * The cockade.

Question 44

What was Germania an allegory for?

Answer 44

The German nation.

Question 45

What symbol represented Germania?

Answer 45

A crown of Oak leaves.

Question 46

True or False: By the last quarter of the 19th century, nationalism remained idealistic and tolerant.

Answer 46

False.

Question 47

What sentiment did nationalism lose by the last quarter of the 19th century?

Answer 47

Idealistic liberal democratic sentiment.

Question 48

What was the trend among nationalist groups by the late 19th century?

Answer 48

They became increasingly intolerant of each other and ready to start war.