Rise of Islamic Extremism Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of the international terrorist movement that grew up in Afghanistan after the withdrawal of the USSR in 1989?

A

Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen

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2
Q

Roughly how many people were killed in total on the 11th September 2001 terror attacks?

A

3,000

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3
Q

Give two examples of how the Taliban changed the rule of law in Afghanistan.

A

Here are 4: They banned music, toys and games; they painted all windows black; punishments included execution, flogging, stoning and cutting off the hands or feet; women lost most freedoms, being forced to wear a burqa, needing a man’s permission in public, forbidden an education.

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4
Q

Who was US President in 2001?

A

George Bush Jnr.

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5
Q

What name was given to his policy of improving security for US citizens at home and abroad?

A

The War on Terror

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6
Q

Who set up Al-Qaeda in 1988?

A

Osama bin Laden

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7
Q

Give an example of a country where Al-Qaeda had been operating in the 1990s.

A

Kenya, Tanzania

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8
Q

What Act was introduced in the USA in 2001 on the advice of the Dept. of Homeland Security?

A

The Patriot Act

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9
Q

What did Al-Qaeda issue in 1996 that called for US troops to get out of Saudi Arabia?

A

A fatwa (religious decree)

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10
Q

What military operation did the UK and USA launch in 2001 to rid Afghanistan of the Taliban?

A

Operation Enduring Freedom

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11
Q

Who took over the leadership of Afghanistan as a result?

A

Hamid Karzai

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12
Q

By 2016, how many Afghan civilians had been killed in this war?

A

20,000

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13
Q

Give an example of a country in the Middle East that contributed to the US-led invasion.

A

Bahrain, UAE and Jordan

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14
Q

How many countries in total contributed to this UN-led ISAF force?

A

50

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15
Q

In what year had the USA first gone to war against Iraq?

A

1991

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16
Q

Name the Iraqi leader at this time.

A

Saddam Hussein

17
Q

When did he expel the UN Special Commission of Inspectors (UNSCOM) from Iraq?

A

1998

18
Q

Give two reasons for the US invasion of Iraq in 2003.

A

Here are 4: Hussein was only Head of State to openly celebrate 9/11; Every major intelligence agency in the world believed Hussein possessed WMDs; US wanted to depose a tyrant and give Iraqis gift of democratic government; Hussein murdered thousands of his own people and ruled with brutality.

19
Q

How many military deaths resulted from the US-led war in Iraq?

A

50,000

20
Q

Why did many countries not support the war in Iraq as they had in Afghanistan?

A

Coalition was not UN-approved; Europe and Middle East overwhelmingly against war; Huge protests during the war for its illegality; US criticised for wanting to take control of the second largest oil reserves in the world.