Rise of Hitlers + Nazis 03

Question 1

Name of Hitler’s political party

Answer 1

National Socialist German Workers Party

Question 2

Hitler’s leadership style

Answer 2

• lazy leader he had an ideology rather than a plan

- inspiration from Italian Fascists (salute, flag, marching) to try to give Nazi followers an identity

Question 3

Otto von Lossow

Answer 3

Head of Germany in Bavaria

Question 4

Gustav von Kahr

Answer 4

Bavarian prime minister

Question 5

Eric Ludendorf

Answer 5

Former army leader

Question 6

Munich Putsch

Answer 6

Hitler’s attempt to seize power in Nov 1923 Nazis and soldiers confrontations 14 nazis killed

Question 7

Hitler jail

Answer 7

• used his trial for Munich putsch as a stage to make speeches and to attack the Weimar government
• seen as a nationalist standing up for German rights and popularity grew only spent 9 months in jail

Question 8

Beer hall - February 1925

Answer 8

• relaunch of Nazi party at Beer hall attended by 4000 supporters key beliefs:
• measures against Jews
• prioritised living space for Germans
• dominance of Aryan race

Question 9

Reorganisation of Nazis after jail

Answer 9

• created HQ in Munich and appointed Nazi leader to each 34 districts of Germany
• first Weimar rally held in 1926
• set up youth organisations such as Hitler Youth Organisation/ Nazi women’s league
• focused heavily on propaganda and public speaking

Question 10

Goebbels

Answer 10

Surname of Nazi in charge of propaganda

Question 11

Nazi support in 1929

Answer 11

100,000 supporters but didn’t gain many seats at all in the Reichstag

• Streseman and Hindenburg managed to unite moderate parties, so Germans were happy with the government and felt no need to vote for extreme parties like the Nazis
• Wall Street crash of 1929 created an opening for Hitler

Question 12

Result of coalition with DNVP against the Young plan (Weimar government) to his success at becoming chancellor

Answer 12

• gave Hitler legitimacy and stronger influence. DNVP formed of social elites and businessmen to manage rising communism

Question 13

Result of Hitler’s use of NEGATIVE COHESION to his success at becoming chancellor

Answer 13

• negative grouping of Marxists, Jews, communists united people therefore giving him stronger influence

Question 14

Result of Hitler’s portrayal Wall Street crash to his success at becoming chancellor

Answer 14

• rise in unemployment levels (6million) and economic chaos helped negative cohesion and assisted propaganda against Jews and other minorities

Question 15

Who replaced Stresemann as Chancellor when he died in 1929?

Answer 15

Heinrich Brüning

Question 16

How did the Great Depression affect Germany?

Answer 16

poverty + unemployment

1929: 1.6 million unemployed
1932: 6+ million unemployed

Question 17

How did the Weimar Republic handle the Great Depression?

Answer 17

Poorly.

To help recover the economy, Brüning introduced tough economic policies that increased taxes and reduced pensions, as well as cutting unemployment benefits

He gained the nickname “the hunger chancellor”

He also exploited article 48, enabling him to surpass the government in implementing these polices.

Question 18

What were the consequences of the great depression on the nazi party?

Answer 18

people were desperate, more open to extremist views to solve economic struggle. This resulted in the growth of Nazi party popularity.

Federal Election % Nazi:

1928: 3%
1932: 33%

Question 19

How did the nazi party use the Great Depression to gain popularity?

Answer 19

Hitler spoke confidently, giving messages of hope, wanting to make Germany “great” again. This appealed to the younger generation of unemployed people.
They gave some of the unemployed jobs in the SA. Military order of the SA also reminded people of the chaos of the Weimar Republic…
They set up soup kitchens
They scapegoated Jews for the depression

Question 20

Who replaced Brünning as Chancellor

Answer 20

Franz von Papen May 1932

Question 21

When did the Nazi Party become the most popular party in the Reichstag? Was this when Hitler became Chancellor?

Answer 21

July 1932.

Despite this, Hindenburg did not trust him and did not accept Hitlers demand to be made chancellor.

Makes the Weimar Government look undemocratic

Question 22

How and when did Hitler become Chancellor with the help of von Papen?

Answer 22

Hitler made a political deal with von Papen, who had recently been replaced as chancellor (making him willing to do this.)

von Papen persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor, on the grounds that Hitler would make von Papen his vice chancellor.

1933 Hitler was made chancellor.

He did not keep his deal with von Papen as he was never made vice chancellor.

Question 23

Summary: why was Hitler able to become Chancellor?

Answer 23

1) the Great Depression, made the Nazis look good as the SA helped out
2) Failure of the Weimar Government during the depression + general political chaos in years prior, use of article 48 (undemocratic)
3) Hitlers general appeal, good speaker, delivering messages of hope that appealed to many ie “Make Germany Great Again”. Found scapegoats for all of Germanys problems
4) Propoganda and violence, use of the SA and striking symbols ie swastikas
5) von Papen political deal, especially as a result of the government looking so undemocratic, almost forced to give Hitler chancellor position

Question 24

What did the Nazi party need in the Reichstag to pass laws?

Answer 24

2/3 majority

Question 25

How did Hitler achieve a 2/3 majority in the Reichstag?

Answer 25

1) he attempted to stop other political parties campaigns
2) he dictated the media/ news coverage
3) he blamed communists for the Reichstag fire of Feb 1933, which allowed him to make the communist party illegal and imprison communists through his use of THE ENABLING ACT

Question 26

How did Hitler consolidate total power?

Answer 26

1) he made the SA illegal, as although they had helped him they were unpopular and its members were beginning to become loyal to its leader Röhm
2) the night of the long knives, June 1934 where Hitler arrested or imprisoned any enemies including Röhm as they supposedly were planning to overthrow the government
3) Hindenburgs death. Hitler then combined the role of Chancellor and president, and combined them to make der Führer (the leader) making Hitler a dictator
4) he reorganised local government, so that all aspects of life in Germany were carefully controlled by Nazis