Recovery of Germany 02 Flashcards
Why was there a crisis in Germany in 1923
- hyperinflation
- French occupation of the Ruhr
What was Streseman’s role in 1923
- chancellor
What was Streseman’s role after 1923
- foreign secretary until 1929
What was the new currency created to help solve hyperinflation
- retenmark which was temporary then the reichsmark which was permanent
What was the Dawes plan
- Plan by American Charles Dawes where USA would loan Germany 800 million marks to help manage reparations payments
- France agreed to withdraw troops from the Ruhr
- In return allies had some control of Reichsbank and Railway in Germany
Explain 2 advantages of the Dawes plan
- international cooperation which would benefit Germany and help trade therefore stabilising their economy
Explain 2 disadvantages of the Dawes plan
- strengthened Germany’s already strong and emerging nationalistic extremist right wing groups
- still have to pay reparations however are now dependent on other countries’ involvement makes Germany look weak and feeble re
Who replaced Ebert in the 1925/1926 elections
F.M Hindenburg (field marshall)
Date of the Dawes plan
1924
What was the Locarno Pact
Agreement between several nations to agree German borders
- avoid military force (only self-defence)
Advantages of the Locarno Pact
- Germany was treated as an equal power during negotiations
Disadvantages of the Locarno Pact
- no mention of relaxing restrictions around army powers or loss of war guilt clause
Date of the Locarno pact
1925
What was the Young plan
Concept of affordability being introduced into reparations payments for Germany
- lower sum of money to pay (down from 1000 mil to 473mil)
- only obliged to pay 1/3 annually
Date of the Young plan
1929
What does the addition of a new economic treaty show about Germany
- continuously trying to get reparation payments down and rising anger amongst German Nationalists who resented the idea of paying the allies and thought Germany had recovered like other European countries
What was the League of Nations
New international organisation of powerful countries to discuss problems instead of going to war
When was Germany given a seat on the League of Nations council
1926 Sept
Advantages of the League of Nations
- positive step for moderate parties who supported Stresemans diplomatic policies
- increased confidence in the Weimar Regime accepted as an international family
Disadvantages of the League of Nations
- negative in the eyes of German Nationalists who labelled it ‘fake equality’
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement by 62 countries to promise not to go to war again
When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact
August 1928
Consequences of the Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Germany now along the main powers and Weimar Republic now as a respected, stable state
- pact gave public confidence and more confidence in Moderate parties (Streseman SPD)
Nationalist response to 1929 Young Plan
- Wealthy businessman Alfred Hugenberg organised a petition against the plan and managed to get 4 million signatures, showing Germany’s resentment towards Streseman’s Young plan of 1929
What was the Reichsmark based on
- Germany’s industrial and agricultural worth rather than how much gold Germany had (which was what the former currency the ‘mark’ used)
