Rise of fascism Flashcards
what was Mussolini’s first squad made up of ex-servicemen league representatives called?
Fasci di Combattimento
when was Biennio Rosso and what happened?
1919-1920
strikes, factories taken over, violent riots
at what conference and when were Italy’s negotiations with the Treaty of London rejected?
Paris Peace Conference 1919
who led (how many?) men to seize ports of Fiume?
d’Annunzio 2000 men
Nov 1919 socialist vote percentage?
32%
socialist seats in 1921?
123
how many provinces did socialists control and by when?
26
Nov 1920
in the first 5 months of 1921 how many socialists were killed and wounded?
200 killed
1000 wounded
what was included in the ‘New Programme’?
pro-business references
compulsory military service
dropped mentions of removing the monarchy
where did squads attack in 1922 and how many leaders were murdered?
Genoa, Milan etc.
5
how did Mussolini tailor himself to the Catholics?
opposed divorce
agreed peasants deserved better
willing to settle Roman Q
how did G respond to Biennio Rosso?
non-violence:
encouraged businesses to give shares to workers
pressure banks to only work with those who negotiated with strikers
what was the Pact of Pacification and when was it signed?
Mussolini signed with socialists
publicly stating it would bring peace to Italy
aug 1921
how did the Pact of Pacification increased Mussolini’s popularity?
made Fascists seem like peacemakers so more people supported
what happened in july 1922?
PSI and PCI called for 24 hour strike across italy
most workers didnt support bc they were tired of striking and so it didnt happen
what did M threaten in oct 1922?
planned to takeover gov - seize major towns and cities with 30000 facists converging on Rome and taking power
M made a speech stating theyeither get governing power or they will march on rome
what was M’s dual policy?
held talks with liberal politicians about forming a coalition while also having squads move on cities
who did he promise could be PM in a fascist co-gov?
nitti
salandra
facta
giolitti
what happened oct 27?
squads took over gov offices, police stations, telephone exchanges etc
how did the gov respond to oct 27?
facta told the king to use the army in retalliation
why did salandra, giolitti and orlando suggest M should be PM?
they would rather have him in power than one of their opponents
