rise of fascism (1914-1922)

Question 1

why was Italy not in a position to join the war in 1914?

Answer 1

just spent £300mil on Libyan war, social unrest and political instability, people not fit enough to fight in war, people don’t want to fight because of lack of Italian indentity

Question 2

who would’ve been interested interventionists?

Answer 2

catholics, nationalists, aristocrats, industrialists, futurists and the majority of the liberals

Question 3

who would’ve been neutralists?

Answer 3

socialists, southern peasants, trade unionists, middle class intellectuals, factory workers

Question 4

which famous socialist was pro war and what did this mean for him?

Answer 4

Mussolini, wrote about being pro war in socialist newspaper ,”avanti!”, and was expelled from party

Question 5

when does Italy enter the war and how?

Answer 5

may 24th 1915, chamber of deputies gives salandra emergency powers as they don’t want to be held responsible

Question 6

itain speaking people in austria-hungary

Answer 6

700,000

Question 8

battles of insonso

Answer 8

12 of these, italian’s only had success in a handful of these, target was to reach trieste, extremely slow and by end of 15 italians had only gained a mile

Question 9

when were the battles of isonso

Answer 9

1915-1917

Question 10

how many casualties were there in the battle of isonzo

Answer 10

950,00

Question 11

when was battle of caporetto

Answer 11

1917

Question 12

how many deaths at caporetto

Answer 12

10,000

Question 13

how many shoulders fled/became prisoners of war at caporetto

Answer 13

300,000 prisoners, 400,000 fled

Question 14

when was cadorna sacked and why

Answer 14

after caporetto (1917)

Question 15

who replaced cadorna as milatary leader in 1917

Answer 15

diaz

Question 16

when was battle of vitorrio veneto

Answer 16

24th oct- 3rd nov 1918

Question 17

total deaths after ww1

Answer 17

650,000

Question 18

how much did national debt rise by after ww1

Answer 18

16bn lire in 1914 to 85bn lire in 1918, started printing money to try fix this. issue, caused inflation

Question 19

members of socialist party by 1919

Answer 19

200,000

Question 20

when was PPI formed

Answer 20

1919

Question 21

treaty of st germain

Answer 21

italy given irredenta lands (Trentino, parts of South Tyrol, Trieste, Gorizia, and Istria)

Question 22

when was treaty of st germain

Answer 22

sep 1919

Question 23

when was paris peace conference

Answer 23

june 1919

Question 24

what did italy not receive during peace conference that they were promised

Answer 24

fiume, dalmatia, german african colonies, 50mil, control over med

Question 25

when was occupation of fiume

Answer 25

sep 1919

Question 26

when did the occupation of fiume end and why

Answer 26

dec 1920 because giolitti forces them out

Question 27

what are unemployment figures by 1919

Answer 27

2mil

Question 28

when was proportional representation brought in

Answer 28

1919 (pre election )

Question 29

socialists 1919 election results

Answer 29

156 seats

Question 30

PPI and libs 1919 election results

Answer 30

libs ( dems and radials ) = 96 seats, PPI = 100 seats

Question 31

when was the exapansion of the franchise

Answer 31

1918, extended to all males over 21

Question 32

who formed a gov after 1919 election

Answer 32

anti-socialist coalition with gov formed of libs, radicals, PPI and nationalists

Question 33

when was the bienne rosso

Answer 33

between 1919-1921

Question 34

when was 1921 election

Answer 34

may

Question 35

what was the national block

Answer 35

giolitti invites all parties to block socialists from winning election, including fascists, nationalists, PPi and radicals

Question 36

how many members did fascism have in 1920

Answer 36

200,000

Question 37

how many members did fascism have in 1921

Answer 37

250,000

Question 38

who did fascist squad violence appeal to

Answer 38

the middle/upper classes who felt victimised by PSI who wanted to take away their wealth

Question 39

how many seats did fasciuiusts win in the 1921 election

Answer 39

36 seats, helped by proportional representation

Question 40

how many seats did PSI and libs win in 1921 election

Answer 40

PSI- 123 seats, libs- 91 seats

Question 41

who forms a coalition after 1921 election

Answer 41

PPI, libs, fascists, nationalists

Question 42

why does PPI withdraw support from coalition in july 1921

Answer 42

giolitti heavily taxes the vatican and worries about inclusion of fascists

Question 43

how does mussolini withdraw support from coalition in july 1921

Answer 43

openly criticises giolitti and refuses to work with liberals

Question 44

why does giolitti have to resign in july 1921

Answer 44

because both PPI and fascists remove support/seats in coalition

Question 45

who replaces giolitti as PM in august 1921

Answer 45

bonomi

Question 46

when was the general strike

Answer 46

july-august 1922

Question 47

what was the aim of the general strike

Answer 47

PSI plan to cause huge strike o that economy will collapse, can then give ultimatum of only going back to work if mussolini is removed from gov

Question 48

why does general strike fail

Answer 48

PSI is too divided and unorganised, many workers don’t take part

Question 49

how does general strike help fascism

Answer 49

fascists squads step up to protect people whilst liberals do not get involved

Question 50

what were the two parts of the liberal split

Answer 50

the main government and facta’s faction

Question 51

what did the main goverment think about mussolini during the liberal split

Answer 51

worried about mussolini’s reaction to being removed, want facts to rein and giolitti to become PM, ‘tame mussolini in gov

Question 52

what did facta’s faction think about mussolini during liberal split

Answer 52

stay in power and remove mussolini, bring in d’annunzio and destroy fascism