giolittian era (1900-1913) Flashcards
what was the grand trasformismo?
joining all parties together to make one big one, in Giolittis case it was joining catholics, socialists and nationalists with the liberals
how many seats did the socialists win in the 1900 election?
32 seats
who was king umberto I killed by in 1900?
anarchists
when was the non intervention policy?
1903
what were the benefits of non intervention policy?
less loss of life and violence, less resentment towards government, more blame on the employer, less military intervention, cheaper for gov not to intervene
what were the problems with non intervention policy?
employer doesn’t receive back up from government so more likely to vote not libs, small chance of revolt if strikes properly organised
when was the Orlando law?
july 8 1904
what did the Orlando law consist of?
compulsory education extended to 12 years of age, concerted effort to defeat illiteracy began as communes obliged to provide instruction for illiterates among adults
school attendance increase after orlando law
school attendance in Sicily rose from 54% in 1901 to 73% in 1906
when was the CGL formed?
1906
why was the formation of the CGL a problem for the liberal government?
because it drew workers to vote for socialism as they were doing more to protect workers rights than the government was
when was the nationalist party formed?
1910
when did Italy invade Libya?
October 4th 1911
how long did Libya take for Italy to conquer it and how much money was spent?
13 months and £30million
why did the Italian government feel they had to invade Libya?
wanted to improve international status and please nationalists
why were socialists angry about Libyan war?
because they were pacifist and believed the 30 million that was spent could’ve gone to higher wages or other reforms and war was not good enough excuse to spend that much
why would the Libyan war make socialists more maximalist?
the government spent 100million more than intended on war, Giolitti got pressured by nationalists to go into war and listened to them over socialists so isolated them
did Libya please nationalists completely?
no because it had no natural resources to improve economy and took them longer than expected so it was a bit of a humiliation
how did Libya damage Italy’s foreign policy?
Italy in triple alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, Germany didn’t agree with Italy invading as they were allies with Ottoman Empire but Italy invaded anyway
how did the Libyan war damage Giolittis ideas of a grand trasformismo?
because it damaged Giolitti’s attempt to win over moderate socialists and catholics
when did Giolitti expand the voting franchise and why?
1912 after Libya, in reward for victorious spillers in Libya campaign
how did Giolitti expand the franchise?
increased electorate from 3 million to 8.5 million, anyone who had completed military service could vote, literate men at 21 and all men at 30
what was the Gentiloni pact?
liberals secretly getting catholics to throw support behind liberal politicians in order for libs to win 1913 election
what was the cause of the Gentiloni pact?
libs lost support of socialists after Libyan war, socialists now a huge and increased threat due to expanded franchise
