Riparian Plants

Question 1

Mottling

Answer 1

indicates presence of anaerobic conditions

Reddish color is sign of oxidation

Question 2

Riparian zone features

Answer 2

saturated with water (high water table)
hydric soils
acts as a water filter
important source of biodiversity

Question 3

Importance of riparian plants

Answer 3

potential to control stream systems

molds the stream to fit the power of the water

Question 4

Reasons soil erosion may occur in riparian areas

Answer 4

• too strong of water flow
• water runoff
• invasive species (that lack deep roots)
• lowered water table
• overgrazing

Question 5

three functional groups of riparian areas

Answer 5

• Stabilizers
• Colonizers
• Increasers/ invaders

Question 6

Stabilizer group

Answer 6

• established along streams, rivers, lakes etc
• strong, fibrous, deep root system
• rhizomatous
• provide protection against waters energy

Question 7

Colonizers

Answer 7

• usually the first plant to occupy a site
• critical for recovery and maintenance
• establish on freshly deposited soil, shallow open water and barren areas
• root systems are stolon or rhizomatous, shallow and relatively weak

Question 8

Reed canarygrass SN

Answer 8

Phalaris arundinacea

Question 9

Reed canarygrass description

Answer 9

tallgrass
long scaly rhizomes
sheathes are pinkish
panicle seedhead
awnless spikelets

Question 10

Nebraska sedge SN

Answer 10

Carex nebrascensis

Question 11

Nebraska sedge description

Answer 11

has long scaly rhizomes
leaves are compressed at the base
stems are triangular 
dioecious
white midvein on flower

Question 12

Beaked Sedge

Answer 12

short stout rhizomes
stems are triangular
plum flower seed with a “beak”

Question 13

How to tell nebraska sedge vs beaked sedge

Answer 13

beaked sedge has a pointed tip

AND has long whisps on panicle

Question 14

Baltic rush SN

Answer 14

Juncus balticus

Question 15

Baltic rush description

Answer 15

grass like herp, creeping rhizomes
leavesa re basal and bladeless
twisted like wire
perfect flowerr
straw colored or brown

Question 16

Mountain alder SN

Answer 16

Alnus incana

Question 17

Mountain alder description

Answer 17

leaves ovate with prominent veins & abruptly pointed, sharply double toothed
mature catkins are oval, dark brown
woody (tiny pinecones)

Question 18

Redosier Dogwood SN

Answer 18

Cornus sericea

Question 19

Redosier Dogwood description

Answer 19

shrub, highly branched spread by stolon’s
stems smooth red
opposite leaves
ovate to oblong
leaves somewhat pubescent then glabrous at maturity
flowers are dull white, umbel like cymes

Question 20

Coyote Willow SN

Answer 20

Salix exigua

Question 21

Coyote willow description

Answer 21

shrub with long, thin leafy branches
leaves linear to lineolate
sage colored
inflorescence is a catkin form leave axils
white fluffy flowers

Question 22

Salt Cedar SN

Answer 22

Tamarix ramosissima

Question 23

Salt Cedar description

Answer 23

intro as ornamental shrub 
very small leaves compressed on branches
feathery leaves
accumulates salt on leaves
dull pink or purple flowers

Question 24

all of these species are… (perennial or annual)

Answer 24

perennial

Question 25

the only species that is introduced is

Answer 25

salt cedar

Question 26

Noxious weed definition

Answer 26

a weed deemed noxious by the government

Question 27

sedge family name is

Answer 27

Cyperaceae

Question 28

models or plant succession and who invented it

Answer 28

Linear model and state-transition model

Frederick E. Clements

Question 29

Linear succession

Answer 29

Pioneer community —-> climax community

Question 30

Problems with linear succession

Answer 30

demographic inertia
loss of plant material
fire feedbacks
soil feedbacks

Question 31

Land Potential

Answer 31

precipitation, temp, soil, topography, elevation

Question 32

Ecological site

Answer 32

1. specific characteristics
   - soils, climate, hydrology
2. Differ in its ability to produce distinctive kind and amounts of vegetation
3. respond similarly to management actions and natural disasters

Question 33

ESD

Answer 33

biophysical properties of the site
reference conditions
ecosystem services
potential and current function

Question 34

State and transition model

Answer 34

way to understand management induced disturbances by showing potential dynamics
describes to then design based on expected responses

Question 35

Steady state

Answer 35

forces hold a community in suspended succession

Question 36

Transiton

Answer 36

disturbance or competition causes a plant to change or change the community

Question 37

Threshold

Answer 37

resource is so lost that we cannot go back to previous state

Question 38

Biotic vs abiotic

Answer 38

biotic: vegetation manipulation
abiotic: physical manipulation