Rio de Janeiro

Question 1

Why is rio important

Answer 1

Exports of coffee, iron, sugar
Christ the redeemer - one of the seven wonders of the world
Business, finance are important service industry’s
Rio held the World Cup in 2014 and olympics in 2016
Produces 5% of Brazils GDP

Question 2

How has migration been responsible for Rio’s population

Answer 2

ppl come for:
Business opportunities
They speak Portuguese, attracts ppl from Portugal
Industry attracts skilled workers from UK and USA
From neighbouring countries such as Chile Argentina.

Question 3

Social challenges

Answer 3

water supply - 12% didn’t have clean water
Solutions - 7 treatment plants were built and pipes were laid
Healthcare - only 55% of the population had a local family health clinic
Solutions - cables cars used to transport sick people to the hospital
Education - kids drop out of school due to bad teaching, not enough teachers, shortages of schools, low pay for teachers, lack of money
Solutions:
giving ppl grants, encouraging local ppl to, a private uni in rocinha.
Energy - blackouts of electricity, ppl have to illegally tap into mains supply which is dangerous
Solutions:
Installing new power lines
Building a new hydroelectric complex which will increase Rio’s supply of electricity by 30%

Question 4

economic challenges

Answer 4

unemployment - high taxes ppl don’t want to pay and lower paid jobs
Solutions:
Government are trying to get young ppl to go to school so they can get jobs when they are older.
Crime - things get stolen
Solutions:
Police have been roaming around favelas to scare off these gangs
However, the local residents don’t like how they are being watched by the police and feel uncomfortable

Question 5

Environmental challenges

Answer 5

traffic congestion- leads to air pollution
The no. Of cars have increased in Rio by 40%. High crime levels mean that ppl don’t feel safe to walk
Solutions:
Expansion of the metro system
New toll roads help to reduce congestion
Water pollution - ships have polluted Guanabara Bay which affects wildlife and oil spills contaminate the water. This damages tourism and the economy
200 tonnes of raw sewage is polluting the river s
50 tonnes of waste is in the rivers
Ships empty their fuel tanks into the water
Solutions:
Ships are fined if they empty their tanks
12 new sewage works have been built since 2004.
5km of sewage pipes have been built
A power plant has been set up near the uni of Rio using biogas to burn off rotting rubbish and produces electricity for 1000 homes

Question 6

Challenges of squatter settlements/ favelas

Answer 6

1. construction of homes
   People don’t have money to build homes with bricks so they use materials such as iron to build
   Many favelas are built on steep slopes and heavy rain can cause landslides. In 2010 224 ppl were killed due to this
   There is limited road access due to steep slopes
2. Unemployment
   20% unemployment rate
   Employment is poorly paid
3. Crime
   High crime rate gangs dominate many favelas
   May residents don’t trust police due to violence and corruption
4. Services
   12% don’t have running water
   30% have no elec
   50% have no sewage connections
   Many residents use illegal connections to pylons
5. Health
   Waste can’t be disposed of causing diseases
   Burning rubbish often lead to fires smoke is harmful to death
   Infant mortality rate is are 50 per 1000