Rio de Janeiro

Question 1

How many people live in Rocinha

Answer 1

180,000 people

Question 2

Why is construction a challenge in squatter settlements

Answer 2

• Houses are poorly made with basic materials

- Many favelas are built on steep slopes and heavy rain can cause landslides

Question 3

Why are services a challenge in squatter settlements

Answer 3

• many homes use illegal connections to electricity pylons

- sewers are often open drains and heavily polluted

Question 4

Why is unemployment a challenge in favelas

Answer 4

• unemployment rates are as high as 20%

- average income is less then £75 a month

Question 5

Why is crime a challenge in squatter settlements

Answer 5

• there is a high murder rate of 20 per 1000 people in many favelas
• drug gangs control and dominate many favelas and there is a lot of police corruption

Question 6

What are some health challenges in squatter settlements

Answer 6

• infant mortality rates are as high as 20%
• waste is often burnt in the street creating harmful fumes
• Healthcare is not very accessible in many favelas

Question 7

What have been some improvements to Rocinha

Answer 7

90% of houses now built with brick and have access to electricity, running water and sewage systems

Question 8

Describe the North Zone of Rio

Answer 8

• main industrial and port area

- An area of low quality housing and favelas

Question 9

Describe the West Zone of Rio

Answer 9

• Contains wealthy coastal suburbs

- The Olympic Stadium is located here

Question 10

Describe the South Zone of Rio

Answer 10

• Rio’s main tourist hotels and beaches

- Wealthy area dominated by luxury flats

Question 11

Describe Centro

Answer 11

• The financial centre of the city

- Contains many historic buildings

Question 12

What percentage in Rio did not have a local health clinic in 2013

Answer 12

45%

Question 13

What was the average life expectancy in 2013

Answer 13

63 years

Question 14

How did the government solve the health issues within favelas

Answer 14

medical staff took health kits into people homes and treated 20 different diseases that they detected

Question 15

Why was the level of school enrolment so low in Rio’s favelas

Answer 15

shortage of teachers, schools and lack of funding

Question 16

How was the problem with education solved

Answer 16

• The authorities encouraged volunteering
• giving grants to poor families
• opening a new private university in Rocinha Favela

Question 17

How many people did not have access to running water in Rio

Answer 17

12% of the population

Question 18

How much water was lost through leaky pipes and illegal access

Answer 18

37%

Question 19

How did Rio solve the water problem

Answer 19

• Seven new treatment plants built between 1998 and 2014

- over 300km of water pipes have been laid

Question 20

Why was energy a big problem in Rio

Answer 20

There were frequent blackouts due to energy shortages and many people tapped into the mains supply which is risky and unsafe

Question 21

How was this energy problem solved in Rio

Answer 21

60km of new power line was installed and a new nuclear generator has also been built

Question 22

What are some economic challenges in Rio

Answer 22

since the recession in 2015 many now work in the informal economy meaning they have no insurance and also pay no taxes

Question 23

Why is air pollution a problem in Rio

Answer 23

• Leads to 5000 deaths per year in Rio and covers the city in a brown smog
• The air pollution mainly comes from the traffic congestion

Question 24

How has the problem with air pollution been solved

Answer 24

To reduce congestion the metro system was expanded and new toll roads were implemented in the city centre

Question 25

Why is water pollution a problem within Rio

Answer 25

• Over 200 tonnes of raw sewage and 50 tonnes of industrial waste enter the Guanabara bay each day. This could damage tourism and the local economy.
• Tankers that enter the bay often discharged their fuel tanks straight into the bay because of the lack of facilities.

Question 26

Why is water pollution a problem within Rio

Answer 26

• Over 200 tonnes of raw sewage and 50 tonnes of industrial waste enter the Guanabara bay each day. This could damage tourism and the local economy.
• Tankers that enter the bay often discharged their fuel tanks straight into the bay because of the lack of facilities.

Question 27

How has the water pollution problem been solved

Answer 27

• 12 new sewage works have been built since 2004 and the ships are now fined for discharging fuel straight into the bay

Question 28

What were the problems with waste pollution within Rio

Answer 28

• As waste collection lorries cannot make it up the steep hills and through the narrow streets of favelas, most waste is dumped into the water system leading to diseases such us cholera

Question 29

how was the waste pollution problem solved

Answer 29

• A power plant has been built near the University of Rio which uses methane gas from the rotting rubbish to generate electricity