Rights and Liberties (4th Amendment Cases)

Question 1

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Answer 1

Established the exclusionary rule, making evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures inadmissible in state courts.

Question 2

Katz v. United States (1967)

Answer 2

Expanded the Fourth Amendment protection to include wiretapping and electronic surveillance, introducing the concept of a “reasonable expectation of privacy.”

Question 3

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Answer 3

Introduced the “stop and frisk” exception to the Fourth Amendment, allowing limited searches for weapons if an officer has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.

Question 4

Smith v. Maryland (1979)

Answer 4

Established the third-party doctrine, stating that individuals have no expectation of privacy regarding information they voluntarily share with third parties, such as phone records.

Question 5

New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1984)

Answer 5

Addressed the scope of searches conducted by school officials in the context of student discipline, applying a lower standard than traditional Fourth Amendment requirements for law enforcement.