Rights and Freedoms Flashcards
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Established by UN in 1946 after WWII
4 basic principles
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom from poverty
Freedom from fear
Art 1. Everyone is born equal in right and dignity
Art 3. Everyone has the right to life
Rosa Parks
Fought against segregation
Sat at the front of the bus (‘white section) which led to her arrest
Her arrest led to the boycott of the Montgomery buses
Martin Luther King Jr.
Engaged in peaceful civil rights debates
Protested against segregation
Delivered the ‘I have a dream’ speech
Montgomery bus boycotts
Lasted 1 year, initiated by Rosa Parks
Ended when the US supreme court ordered to stop segregation
Brown vs Board of Education
1954 supreme court case
Established that segregation of black and white children in schools is unconstitutional
Overturned the previous doctrine of ‘separate but equal’
Freedom Riders (US)
Group of activists who tested out supreme court ruling.
interrupted by mob attacks
In southern states, segregation laws officially enforced 1865
Supreme court allowed segregation under ‘separate but equal
Australian Freedom Riders
Inspired by US freedom riders
SAFA focused on civil rights issues
Visited west and north coast of NSW
Raised awareness through media attention
Aboriginal Protection Board (ABP)
Believed indigenous people needed to be civilized in order to survive
ABP, NSW government agency set up to administer laws
Controlled Aboriginal lives
1938 Day of Mourning
Protest organized to draw attention to Aboriginal rights
Draw attention after previously being ignored by media outlets
Continued as annual event
Assimilation Policy
1937, each state agreed policy that required Aboriginals to assimilate into the white community
Denied citizenship. Only way to obtained citizenship was to abandon culture and kin
Stolen Generations
Forced removal of Aboriginal children from families and put in care of the government
Bringing them Home Report
1997
Tribute to the strength and struggle of Aboriginals and Torres Straight people affected by forcible removal
The Apology
2008
Formal public apology to the victims of forced child removal
Referendum
1967
- Whether Aboriginals should be counted in the census data
- Whether federal government has power to make laws about aboriginals
Mabo decision
Fought the right to his land
Terra nullius legal principle overturned
Led to the Native Title Act 1993
Wik decision
Broader application of Mabo decision
Relationship between Native Title Act and leases on farming and mining sites
Native Title Act
1993
Stated British government did not possess full ownership of the land
Where native title is held, indigenous people entitled to laws and customs
Native Title Act provided legal means for indigenous which could acquire native land.
