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HDID Block 2 > Rickettsia > Flashcards

Rickettsia Flashcards

1
Q

Rickettsia are ___ (characteristics)

A

Obligate intracellular, gram negative coccobacilli

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2
Q

One difference between Rickettsias and Anaplasmas is that __ escapes the vacuole and lives inside host cytosol, whereas __ stays inside the vacuole

A

Rickettsia and Orientia, once phagocytosed, escape the vacuole and replicate inside the host cytosol

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma stay inside the vacuole

**note also that Rickettsias infect endothelial cells whereas Anaplasma infect macrophages and neutrophils

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3
Q

Patients with rickettsial disease generally have ___ (platelet levels)

A

Labs for rickettsial diseases generally indicate thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

Presentation of rickettsial disease

A

Fever

Headaches

Myalgias

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5
Q

___ is a syndrome caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and is characterized by the usual rickettsial disease presentation + a maculopapular/petechial rash

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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6
Q

A characteristic feature of Rickettsia rickettsii infection is __

A

Maculopapular rash on palms and soles

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7
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is transmitted by __

A

Ticks

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8
Q

Dx of RMSF (Rickettsia rickettsii infection)

A

Dx: skin biopsy/PCR + serology

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9
Q

Rx of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

A

Tetracyclines: Doxycyline/Tetracycline

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10
Q

Epidemic typhus is caused by __ and transmitted by lice

A

Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by lice

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11
Q

A characteristic feature of Epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowezaki) infection is __

A

Lack of rash (like the one you’d see in RMSF)

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12
Q

Endemic typhus aka murine typhus, unlike epidemic typhus is transmitted by __

A

Fleas

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13
Q

Characteristic feature of endemic/murine typhus

A

Lack of rash (like you’d see in RMSF)

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14
Q

Complications of endemic/murine typhus (3)

A

Complications of murine/endemic typhus

CNS/neuropsychiatric problems

Hepato-renal problems

Respiratory failure

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15
Q

Dx for endemic and epidemic typhus

A

Dx: skin biopsy/PCR + serology (might be negative in 1st 2 weeks)

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16
Q

Rx for endemic and epidemic typhus

A

Tetracyclines (esp doxycycline)

Alt: FQs – Ciprofloxacin; Chloramphenicol; Also delousing

17
Q

___ is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and is transmitted by mites (aka chiggers)

A

Scrub typhus

18
Q

50% of people with Orienta tsutsugamushi/Scrub typhus infection have characteristic ___

A

Eschars (mite larvae bites)

19
Q

2 main complication of severe scrub typhus are __

A

Pneumonia

Renal failure

20
Q

Rx for Scrub typhus

A

adults: (tetracyclines) doxycycline, tetracycline
children: (tetracyclines) doxycycline, tetracycline or chloramphenicol

21
Q

Anaplasma spp like to live inside __(cell type)

A

Hematopoietic phagocytic cells

22
Q

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by ___

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by ___

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

**MEGA:

M-E: erlichia will be in monocytes + macrophages

G-A: anaplasma likes to be in GrAnulocytes like neutrophils

23
Q

Common features between Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

A

Gram negative cell wall

No LPS/peptidoglycan

No metabolic pathways

24
Q

Risk factors for Ehrlichia + Anaplasma infection:

A

Being male

Age (more cholesterol for these things to feed on)

25
Q

Where in the US is HME more common? The disease is transmitted by the __ tick

Where in the US is HGA more common? The disease is transmitted by the __ tick

A

HME: •south central and southeastern US; vector = A americanum

HGA: northeastern + upper midwest US, Europe, Cali; vector = Ixodes tick (#robin of ixodes #also the same guy for lyme disease)

26
Q

Presentation/Lab findings for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia infection

A

(same as the others, no rash really)

Thrombocytopenia and liver problems

27
Q

Dx of HME and HGA

A

Blood smear

PCR

Serology

28
Q

Rx for HME and HGA

A

Tetracyclines (doxy + tetra)

*if pt pregaz, give rifampin*

Alternative: FQ’s

HDID Block 2 (28 decks)

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