richard, the crusader king Flashcards
motives for involvement
religious- christian duty
had military experience- his chance for honour and glory
wealthy- had necessary resources
great grandfather was king of jerusalem- had family connection and desire to win it back
quarrel with philip II
third leader of crusade drowned on the way- R + P both wanted to lead it
R had a great ceremony when he arrived in Messina, P did not and felt humiliated
R conquered cyprus and didnt give philip a share of its value - sold it gor 100000 gold coins
disagreed over who should be king of jerusalem
richard paid his soldiers more
P returned home in aug 91
victory at acre
arrived on 8 june
R negotiated with Saladin, would release muslim soldiers if S paid 200000 gold coins, released christian prisoners, handed over siege weapons and the true cross
saladin didnt do any of this
20 Aug- R’s men took 2700 prisoners within sight of S’ camp and executed them
victory at arsuf/ jaffa
25 aug - left acre and began march to jaffa
S realised he would have to face S in battle to stop them reaching jaffa
7 sept 91- s’s army of 30000 attacked the crusaders on the plain of arsuf
S’ army fled and crusader army marched on to jaffa
failure to capture jerusalem
progress slow due to terrible wether
mud/ rain destroyed food/clothes/weather
2nd march failure
very hot - progress was good
crusaders were worried about lack of water
- saladin had poisoned wells around jerusalem
R decided to retreat again
reasons for not attacking jerusalem
leaving coast left supply lines vulnerable to attack
- also meant they could be attacked from all sides without being able to retreat
lack of troops to successfully besiege Jerusalem
lack of resources to hold city if they did win
reasons for treaty of jaffa
R heard land was at risk from Phillip and John
saladin was ill and running out of money to pay for war
treaty of jaffa terms
muslims retained jerusalem
christians retained coastline between acre and jaffa
christian pilgrims could safely visit sacred sites in Jeru
would be no fighting for 3 years
return from holy land
9 oct 1192- set sail for home
- sea was too rough for ships during winter
- had many enemies in europe
richard’s capture
R shipwrecked off north adriatic coast
disguised himself but was recognised and arrested in vienna around christmas
henry wrote to philip to agree ransom
r release
4 feb 1194
ransom at 100,000 marks
burden of ransom on england
25% aid charged ( tax on income and moveables)
land tax on all tenants-in-chief and under-tenants
tallage of £3375 on jews
£1350 from King of scotland
a year’s wool from cistercian monks
