Richard's return & capture Flashcards
Richard left for England in October 1192. Why couldn’t he travel by sea?
The Atlantic ocean was too rough during winter.
Richard couldn’t travel home from the Crusade via the Atlantic, as it was too rough. He would have to cross land at some point - why was this dangerous for him?
He’d made himself a considerable number of enemies in European rulers, so there was no safe route of return.
By the time he was returning from the Crusade, Richard had made himself a considerable number of enemies in European rulers. Give 4 examples.
1) Philip II of France.
2) Leopold, the Duke of Austria (Richard had insulted him, during the crusade, at Acre).
3) Henry VI, Leopold’s overlord and Holy Roman Emperor (Richard had supported Henry’s rival to the throne after Frederick I drowned in 1190).
4) There were rumours that Richard had been behind the murder of Conrad de Montferrat (spread by his cousin, Leopold).
Richard had made himself a considerable number of enemies in European rulers, so there was no safe route of return. How did he go about getting back to England after the Crusade?
He travelled in disguise.
Richard travelled home from the Crusade in disguise. How did this not go to plan?
He was recognised and imprisoned by Leopold of Austria.
Leopold sold Richard to Henry VI, the Holy Roman Emperor.
Henry, Leopold and Philip I decided Richard’s ransom should be set at 100,000 marks. Henry and Leopold would split the money, and Philip would benefit from England being weakened by having to pay the ransom.
Henry, Leopold and Philip I decided Richard’s ransom should be set at 100,000 marks. How did John react?
At first, John had no plans to pay the ransom, even spreading a rumour Richard was dead. However, a letter from Henry arrived demanding a ransom, thus proving this to have been a lie.
Who eventually took the lead role in collecting money for Richard’s ransom, since John was so reluctant?
Their mother, Eleanor.
How was Richard’s ransom paid? Give at least 3 examples (6 total).
- A new tax of £3,375 on Jews.
- 25% tax on moveable incomes.
- A tax on every land owner.
- £1,350 from King of Scotland.
- Gold + silver plate from all English churches.
- A year’s wool crop from the Cistercian monks.
Eventually, enough money was raised and Richard was released. What did he do after this?
He returned to England in 1194, to crush the remains of John’s rebellion. He spent 3 months raising money, and then turned to reconquering Normandy.
