Attitudes towards the Crusade

Question 1

Who went on Crusades?

Answer 1

1) Knights, knights’ squires and other members of Knights’ military households
3) 8000 professional soldiers
4) Important churchmen, including Priests
5) Civilians (including women)

Question 2

How many professional soldiers did Richard hire to go on the Crusade?

Answer 2

8000.

Question 3

What members of the Clergy went on Crusades?

Answer 3

1) A few important churchmen, such as the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Hubert Walter, the Bishop of Salisbury.
2) Many priests went (to provide religious guidance, and some fought).

Question 4

What did civilians who went on the Crusade do?

Answer 4

They worked as cooks, baggage carriers and nurses.

Question 5

Give 4 reasons Richard had for going on the Crusade.

Answer 5

1. Personal connection
2. Personal glory
3. Religious devotion
4. The time was right

Question 6

How did personal connection motivate Richard to go on the Crusade?

Answer 6

Richard was the great grandson of Fulk of Anjou, who had been King of Jerusalem. He believed it was a family duty to fight for Jerusalem and to defeat Saladin.

Question 7

How did religious devotion motivate Richard to go on the Crusade?

Answer 7

Richard I felt that the Crusade was the sacred duty of Christians.

Question 8

How did personal glory motivate Richard to go on the Crusade?

Answer 8

Richard was proud of - and wanted to nurture - his reputation for bravery. He felt participating in the Third Crusade was his chance to be remembered as a great warrior.

Question 9

Why did Richard believe the time was right to go on the Crusade?

Answer 9

Due to the size of his empire, he had all the wealth, power and influence he would need to make sure the Crusade was a success.

Question 10

What motivations did English people, in general, have to go on Crusades?

Answer 10

1. Religion
2. Influential individuals
3. Revenge
4. Glory
5. They didn’t have to pay the Saladin tithe if they fought

Question 11

What religious motivations did English people have to go on the Crusade?

Answer 11

1) Men responded to Pope Gregory’s call to defend the holy places and win back Jerusalem.
2) They were also attracted to the promise of an indulgence (a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins).

Question 12

How were English people motivated to go on the Crusade by an influential individual?

Answer 12

The Archbishop of Canterbury spent a year touring Wales and was estimated to have enlisted 3,000 volunteers.

Question 13

How did revenge motivate English people to go on Crusades?

Answer 13

Many men were genuinely disgusted at the loss of the Holy Land in 1187.

Question 14

How did glory motivate English people to go on Crusades?

Answer 14

For many young knights, the Crusades reflected an opportunity to gain respect and demonstrate their chivalry. People hoped they would gain titles for themselves by fighting.

Question 15

What positive attitudes did people have towards the Crusade?

Answer 15

1) Most kings promised to go on Crusades; however, Richard was the first to actually go, so he was championed and respected. People saw him as a defender of the faith.
2) Support for the Crusade was evident in - and created a positive and appreciative atmosphere for - the slaughter of the Jews in 1189-90.

Question 16

What negative attitudes did people have towards the Crusade?

Answer 16

1) People resented the cost. The Saladin tithe and then the ransom to release Richard I from captivity was resented by a population already poor and with limited freedoms.
2) Some chroniclers (e.g. William Newburgh) argued that crusading was a violation of a King’s duty and a neglect of his kingdom.
3) Family members were frustrated at having to manage land for absent knights.

Question 17

Some chroniclers, for example ___, argued that crusading was a violation of a King’s duty and neglect of his kingdom.

Answer 17

William Newburgh.