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Cardio I - ECG > Rhythms > Flashcards

Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

R-R varies more than one small box…

A

Sinus dysrhythmia

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2
Q

Sinus dysrhythmia

A

R-R varies > 1 small box

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3
Q

Sinus dysrhythmia HR…

A

40-100bpm

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4
Q 
P waves vary in appearance
PRI varies but WNL
R-R varies
HR < 100bpm
Impulse does not arise from SA node
A

Wandering atrial pacemaker

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5
Q

Wandering atrial pacemaker

A

P waves vary in appearance
PRI varies but WNL
R-R intervals vary

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6
Q

Wandering atrial pacemaker HR…

A

< 100bpm

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7
Q

Which artery commonly causes rhythm disturbances?

A

R coronary a.

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8
Q

P wave of early beat has different appearance
P wave before every QRS, but an early P wave may be right on the tail of the previous T wave
SA node does not initiate impulse

A

Atrial arrhythmia (PAC)

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9
Q

Is the impulse initiation c sinus dysthymia ectopic?

A

No - initiated by the SA node, but the rhythm varies

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10
Q

What condition can be a progression of PAC?

A

A-fib

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11
Q

Atrial arrhythmia (PAC)

A

P wave of early beat has a different appearance - early P wave is right on the tail of the previous T wave

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12
Q

Rapid atrial depolarization from abnormal area in atria
“Repeated firing”
Atrial rate of 250-350bpm
“Sawtooth” P waves
> 1 p wave before each QRS (bc firing rapidly)
R-R interval varies

A

A-flutter

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13
Q

A-flutter QRS…

A

Normal because the ventricles are okay

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14
Q

A-flutter

A 
Rapid atrial depolarization from abnormal area in atria
"Repeated firing"
Atrial rate 250-350bpm
"Sawtooth" P waves
> 1 p wave before each QRS
R-R interval varies
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15
Q

Can a-flutter be accompanied by a normal ventricular rate?

A

Yes, if not a lot of the impulses reach the ventricles - if the AV node does a good job gatekeeping ==> asymptomatic

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16
Q

If a lot of the atrial impulses get through the AV node to the ventricles in someone c a-flutter…

A

Fast ventricular rate and decreased CO ==> angina if there is underlying plaque
Increased O2 demand on heart and increased myocardial demand because there is no time for filling because of all the impulses

17
Q

Quivering of atria because of multiple ectopic foci - depolarizing so no true P wave seen - none of the foci depolarize the atria
Absent P waves
“Wavy” baseline
R-R interval irregular

A

A-fib

18
Q

Do the atria fully contract c a-fib?

A

No - they quiver

19
Q

A-fib

A 
Quivering of atria - no real contraction - multiple ectopic foci 
No true P wave
"Wavy" baseline 
Absent P waves
R-R interval irregular
20
Q

What serves as the gatekeeper c a-fib?

A

AV node –> determines the ventricular response

21
Q

Which heart condition is the #2 RF for stroke (after HTN)?

A

A-fib

22
Q

A-fib can lead to what irregular finding during an examination?

A

Irregular radial pulse

23
Q

Characteristics of NSR…

A

P wave: 0.06-0.12 sec (1.5-3 small boxes)
PRI 0.12-0.2 sec (3-5 small boxes) ==> AV delay for atrial kick
QRS 0.04-0.10 sec (1-2.5 small boxes)
ST segment ends @ beginning of T wave and on same isoelectric line as PRI
Normal T wave - upright
Impulse begins in SA node and follows normal pathways
P waves upright and identical
P wave before every QRS
QRS identical
normal R-R
HR 60-100bpm

24
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

NSR characteristics EXCEPT for HR < 60bpm

25
Q

Sinus bradycardia possible causes…

A

Training
BBs
Decreased automaticity of SA node
Vagal response

26
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

NSR characteristics EXCEPT for HR > 100bpm

27
Q

Sinus tachycardia possible causes…

A 
Increased sympathetic NS
Pain
Exercise
Emotion
Caffeine
Cigarettes
Amphetamines
Fever
Infection
28
Q

A-flutter possible causes

A 
Mitral valve disease
CAD
MI
Stress
Hypoxemia
Pericarditis
29
Q

A-fib possible causes…

A 
Age
CHF; MI
Digoxin toxicity 
Drug use
Stress
Loss of atrial kick
30
Q

Controlled A-fib

A

V rate < 100bpm

31
Q

Uncontrolled A-fib

A

V rate > 100bpm

32
Q

Does controlled A-fib impact CO?

A

Not really

33
Q

Does uncontrolled A-fib impact CO?

A

YES - MONITOR VITALS

Cardio I - ECG (7 decks)

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