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Cardio I - ECG > ECG Intro/ECG Vs. Telemetry > Flashcards

ECG Intro/ECG Vs. Telemetry Flashcards

1
Q

Normal path for electrical conduction system of the heart:

A

SA node ==> AV node ==> Bundle of His ==> Purkinje fibers

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2
Q

Location of SA node

A

S RA

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3
Q

Location of AV node

A

Base of RA

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4
Q

Location of Bundle of His

A

IV septum

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5
Q

Location of Purkinje fibers

A

B V’s

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6
Q

What term refers to the heart’s ability to beat by itself without a nerve impulse?

A

Automaticity

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7
Q

What term refers to the heart’s ability to sustain a steady beat?

A

Rhythmicity

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8
Q

What term refers to the ability of the heart’s myocytes to conduct electrical activity?

A

Conductivity

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9
Q

How does repolarization of the cells occur?

A

K+ builds up outside of the cell as Na+ moves into the cell via fast channels when the cell membrane increases permeability to ions c the electrical impulse ==> the outside of the cell becomes more positive

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10
Q

How does depolarization of the cells occur?

A

Na+ moves into the cell via fast channels as the cell membrane increases its permeability to ions c the electrical impulse ==> the outside of the cell becomes more negative

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11
Q

During what phase of the electrical cycle does the contraction process occur?

A

Depolarization

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12
Q

How is depolarization possible if K+ is moving out of the cells while Na+ is moving into the cells?

A

K+ moves out more slowly than Na+ moves in because Na+ moves into the cell via the fast channels, so there is a period of time when the outside of the cells is less negative relative to the inside because more Na+ is inside the cells than K+ is outside the cells

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13
Q

What affects heart contractility and therefore heart rhythm?

A

Anything that affects electrolytes (Na+/K+)

Meds and health conditions

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14
Q

1 small box =

A

0.04sec

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15
Q

5 small boxes or 1 large box =

A

0.20sec

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16
Q

5 large boxes =

A

1sec

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17
Q

Hash marks are present every…

A

3sec ==> there should be 2 on a 6-sec telemetry strip

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18
Q

How many large boxes are in 6 seconds?

A

30 ==> 30 large boxes are in a 6-sec telemetry strip

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19
Q

A hash mark should be present every how many large boxes?

A

15

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20
Q

5 vertical small boxes =

A

0.5mV

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21
Q

How many small boxes are in 1 minute?

A

1500

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22
Q

Which imaging method yields only 1 view of the heart?

A

Telemetry

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23
Q

Which imaging method yields a 360 view of the heart?

A

12-lead ECG

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24
Q

A 12-lead ECG can give information about…

A 
HR
Heart rhythm
Hypertrophy (and the axis)
Infarction/ischemia 
Views of the heart every 30 degrees
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25
Q

T/F: a 12-lead ECG can be used to dx conditions

A

T

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26
Q

How can a 12-lead ECG give information about hypertrophy?

A

The impulse will take longer to move through thicker muscle tissue

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27
Q

How can a 12-lead ECG give information about infarction/ischemia?

A

Bad conduction or contraction will be shown through abnormal electrical movement

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28
Q

Can a telemetry monitor be used to monitor a heart condition after is is dx’d?

A

Yes

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29
Q

A telemetry strip yields information about…

A

HR
Heart rhythm
Views the heart from one direction

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30
Q

What are the 6 limb leads in a standard 12-lead ECG?

A

I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF

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31
Q

The limb leads evaluate the heart in what plane?

A

Frontal

32
Q

Electrical information travels in what direction through the ECG leads?

A

Impulses flow from negative –> positive ions

33
Q

What does aV stand for?

A

Augmented voltage

34
Q

I direction:

A

R arm –> L arm (across chest)

35
Q

II direction:

A

R arm –> L foot (top –> bottom)

36
Q

III direction:

A

L arm –> middle (top –> bottom)

37
Q

Direction aVR:

A

–> R

38
Q

Direction aVL:

A

–> L

39
Q

Direction aVF:

A

Foot –> middle

40
Q

The chest leads are known as:

A

Precordial

41
Q

What are the 6 precordial leads in a standard 12-lead ECG:

A

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

42
Q

The precordial leads evaluate the heart from which plane?

A

Transverse plane

43
Q

What are the R leads (that evaluate the R side of the heart)?

A

AVR, V1, V2

44
Q

What are the A leads (that evaluate the A portion of the heart)?

A

V3 (septum), V4

45
Q

What are the lateral leads (that evaluate the L side of the heart - and the LV)?

A

AVL, I, V5, V6

46
Q

Which leads evaluate the LV?

A

AVL, I, V5, V6

47
Q

What are the I leads (that evaluate the I portion of the heart)?

A

II, III, aVF

48
Q

What is at the top of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

I

49
Q

What is at the bottom (apex) of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

LL (and positive ions)

50
Q

What is at the top right of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

RA (and negative ions)

51
Q

What is at the top left of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

LA (and positive ions on the top and negative ions on the bottom)

52
Q

What is at the diagonal right on Einthoven’s triangle?

A

II

53
Q

What is at the diagonal left of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

III

54
Q

What is at the center of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

The heart

55
Q

What is at the top right diagonal on the inside of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

AVR (and positive ions)

56
Q

What is at the top left diagonal on the inside of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

AVL (and positive ions)

57
Q

What is at the bottom on the inside of Einthoven’s triangle?

A

AVF (and positive ions)

58
Q

The circle of axes gives view of the heart every how many degrees?

A

30

59
Q

In the circle of axes, aVR is located where?

A

~150 degrees (in between 150 and 120) (top R corresponding to position in Einthoven’s triangle)

60
Q

In the circle of axes, aVL is located where?

A

~-30 degrees (in between -60 and -30 degrees) (top L corresponding to location on Einthoven’s triangle)

61
Q

In the circle of axes, I is located where?

A

0 degrees (L middle, corresponding to direction ions flow across chest)

62
Q

In the circle of axes, II is located where?

A

60 deg (bottom L, corresponding to direction ions flow from R arm –> L foot)

63
Q

In the circle of axes, aVF is located where?

A

90 deg (bottom center, corresponding to location on inside of Einthoven’s triangle)

64
Q

In the circle of axes, III is located where?

A

120 deg (bottom R, corresponding to direction ions flow from L arm to the middle)

65
Q

In the circle of axes, what is “normal?”

A

~30 deg - ~105 deg

66
Q

A lateral ECG view can give information about which artery?

A

Lateral circumflex a. Or descending branch of LAD a.

67
Q

An inferior ECG view can give information about which artery?

A

RCA or lateral circumflex a.

68
Q

An anterior or septal ECG view can give information about which artery?

A

LAD a.

69
Q

A lateral ECG view can give information about which artery?

A

L circumflex a. Or diagonal branch of LAD a.

70
Q

Why is the LAD artery important to view?

A

If the Pt. Had an MI, there will be plaque in that artery, which can require a cardiac cath to further view/dx

71
Q

The deflection of an ECG complex is POSITIVE (upright) if…

A

The depolarization wave moves TOWARDS a POSITIVE electrode

72
Q

The deflection of an ECG complex is NEGATIVE (upside down) if…

A

The depolarization wave moves AWAY FROM a POSITIVE electrode

73
Q

The deflection of an ECG complex is ISOELECTRIC (flat) if…

A

The depolarization wave moves PERPENDICULAR to a POSITIVE electrode

74
Q

Inversion can be a sign of…

A

MI

75
Q

The waves seen on complexes represent depolarization or repolarization?

A

DEpolarization

Cardio I - ECG (7 decks)

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