Rheumatology MSK Flashcards
1
Q
What is primary biliary cirrhosis
A
Seen in females, pruritus, xanthomas, anti-mitochondrial antibody
2
Q
What is primary sclerosing cholangitis
A
p-ANCA antibody, bile duct inflammation, onion skinning, IBD
3
Q
What is type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
A
seen in young women, anti-smooth muscle antibody
4
Q
what is type 2 autoimmune hepatitis
A
seen in kids, anti-LKM Antibody
5
Q
What is bullous pemphigoid
A
Anti-hemidesmosome antibody, subepithelial skin bullae
6
Q
What is celiac sprue
A
Anti-gliaden antibody, cant eat wheat/bread
Get steatorrhea
associated with dermatitis, herpetiformis
7
Q
what antibody is associated with CREST syndrome
A
anti-centromere antibody
8
Q
what is dermatitis herpetiformis
A
vesicles on anterior thigh, anti-basement membrane antibody, anti-endomysial antibody
9
Q
What is dermatomyositis
A
Anti-jo-1 antibody myositis with a rash, associated with occult malignancy
10
Q
What is DM type 1
A
polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, anti islet cell antibody, anti-GAD antibody, post infection, DKA
11
Q
What is drug induced lupus
A
Anti histone antibody
“HIPPPE” drugs
Hydralazine
INH
Phenytoin
Procainamide
Penicillamine
Ethosuximide
12
Q
What is gastritis type A
A
anti-parietal cell antibody, atrophic gastritis adenocarcinoma
13
Q
What is goodpasture’s
A
anti-GBM antibody, attacks the lung and kidney, can progress to RPGN and death
14
Q
What is graves disease
A
Anti-TSH receptor antibody, hyperthroid, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema
15
Q
What is hashimotos
A
anti-microsomal antibody/anti-TPO antibody
hypothyroid
16
Q
What is ITP (immune thrombocytopenic purpura)
A
Anti-platelet antibody, anti-GP2b3a antibody
thrombocytopenia
17
Q
what is MCTD (mixed connective tissue disease)
A
Anti-RNP antibody
18
Q
What is mononucleosis
A
heterophile antibody positive, teenager with sore throat
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
kissing disease
19
Q
What is MPGN (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis) type 2
A
Anti-c2 convertase antibody = c3 nephritic factor
20
Q
what is paroxysmal hemolysis
A
donath landsteiner antibody
(they bleed when they are cold)
21
Q
What is Pemphigus Vulgaris
A
Anti-desmosome antibody (skin sloughs off when touched), starts in oral mucosa
22
Q
What is pernicious anemia
A
Anti–IF antibody, vitamin b12 deficiency = megaloblastic anemia
23
Q
What is polyarteritis nodosa
A
p-ANCA antibody
attacks the gut, kidneys, and nervous system
associated with hep b infection
there is no pulmonary involvement
24
Q
What is post-strep GN
A
ASO Antibody, nephritic with complement deposition, after 3 weeks post infection
25
What is rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor present pain and swelling is worse in the morning
Anti-citrullinated peptide protein antibodies
26
What is scleroderma
Anti-scl70 antibodies (anti-topoisomerase)
Fibrosis, tight skin, masked face
27
What is sjogrens
anti-SSA antibody, dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
28
What is SLE
Anti-ds DNA/ Smith/ Cardiolipin Antibody
Malar rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, rheumatoid factor positive, VDRL Test not infected, FTA-ABS to confirm
29
what is SLE cerebritis
anti-neuronal antibody
anti-ribosomal antibody
30
what is vitiligo
anti-melanocyte antibody
white patches on skin
31
what is warm hemolysis
anti-Rh antibody, bleeds at body temperature
32
what is wegeners
c-ANCA, attacks ENT, lungs and kidney
33
what is HSP
IgA disease 2 or 3 days post-common cold or GI infection, leads to bergers
34
What is bergers
IgA disease 2 weeks post vaccination, serum sickness
35
What is alports
IgA disease 2 weeks after diarrhea, HSP, and polio
36
Where is CK-MB found
Heart
37
Where is CK-MM found
Muscle
38
Where is CK-BB found
Brain
39
Why should you wait 30 minutes after a meal before swimming
All blood is shunted to the GI for digestion, digestions depletes ATP, stores no ATP=no muscle movement
40
How does a neurogenic muscle disease present
Distal weakness and fasciculations
41
How does a myopathic muscle disease present
proximal weakness and pain
42
What is the light chain composed of
Actin
43
What is a Heavy chain composed of
Myosin
44
What band of the sarcomere does not change in length
the A band
45
Where are the T-Tubules located
Cardiac muscle: at the Z line
Skeletal muscle: at the A-I junction
46
What is Duchennes muscular dystrophy
Caused by a dystrophin frameshift-defective dystrophin, patients will have a gower sign and calf pseudohypertrophy
47
What is beckers muscular dystrophy
dystrophin missense, milder form of duchennes muscular dystrophy
symptoms present after 5 y/o
48
what is seen with myotonic dystrophy
birds beak face, cant let go when they shake hands
49
What is myasthenic syndrome/Lambert-Eaton syndrome
patients will tell you they get stronger as the day goes by, stronger with EMG is associated with small cell CA
50
What is myasthenia gravis
Anti-Ach Postsynaptic Antibody
patients between approximately 20-30 years old get weaker as the day goes by (dysarthria, ptosis, and dysphagia)
Periotic exacerbations get stronger with edrophonium, weaker on EMG, must rule out thyoma
51
What is multiple sclerosis
Due to production of anti-myelin antibody,
seen more common in 20-40 y/o women
complain of vision disturbances, spasticity (UMN), decreased sensation, symptoms wax and wane, each MS attack gets worse
52
What is metachromatic leukodystrophy
Arylsulfatase deficiency
this will be in a child who present like MS
53
What is ataxia telangiectasia
this is a IgA deficiency, patients have spider veins, autosomal recessive, mutations in atm gene
54
What do you see in friedreichs ataxia
retinitis pigmentosa scoliosis
55
what is adrenal leukodystrophy
carnitine shuttle (CAT-1), defective adrenal failure (XR linked), long chain fatty acid stuck in cytoplasm
56
What is Guillain-Barre
Antibodies damage multiple peripheral nerves
(acute inflammatory polyneuropathy)
patients present with ascending paralysis 2 weeks after UTI
57
What is ALS
Descending paralysis seen in middle aged males with fasciculations, there are no sensory problems
58
What is Werdnig-Hoffman
Fasciculations in a newborn due to failure of the anterior horns to develop
59
What is Polio
asymmetric fasciculations in kids
presents 2 weeks after gastroenteritis
60
What is choreoathetosis
dance like movements, wringing of the hands, quivering/ unsteady voice
61
What is atonic cerebral palsy
no muscle tone - floppy
62
What is seborrheic keratosis
Tan-brown-black stuck on appearance (indicative of adenocarcinomas)
63
What is stucco keratoses
barnacles, white-flesh colored stuck on papules
64
What is dermatosis papulosa nigra
Variant of SK on the face/neck of dark-skinned (removal causes high risk of hypo pigmentation or keloids)
65
What are cutaneous Horns
Hard, conical projection of keratin (retained keratin on SK or wart)
66
What are keratoacanthomas
smooth, domed shaped, red papule with central filled keratin crater (precursor to SCC)
67
What are skin tags (acrochordon)
Flesh colored outgrowth of skin pedunculated lesions (short stalk)
68
What are skin polyps
flesh colored outgrowth of skin predunculated lesion (long stalk)
69
What is dermatofibromas
deep papule or nodules with retraction sign
70
What is hypertrophic scar
remains within the borders of wound site
71
What is keloid
extends beyond the borders of wound site
72
What is epidermal nevus
group of hamartomas that follow blaschkos lines
73
What is nevus sebaeous
congenital smooth waxy hyperplasia of sebaceous gland
74
What are sebaceous cysts
Small keratin filled central opening (pore), need to remove cyst wall and culture if infected (drain and pack)
75
What is a pilar cyst (wen)
Scalp cyst, concentric layers of dried keratin (remove cyst wall)
76
What are sebaceous hyperplasias
umbilicated papule with flesh white/yellow globules, treat with oral isotretinoin
77
What are syringomas
sweat duct tumor on lower eyelid
78
What are lipomas
subcutaneous fat cell tumors (round, mobile)
79
What is impetigo
Honey colored stuck on crusts (common in children), caused by bacteria, treat with topical antibiotics
80
What is folliculitis
Infection of hair follicle, treat with topical antibiotic
81
What is a furuncle
infection of hair follicle and surrounding tissue, treat with topical antibiotic
82
what is a carbuncle
infection of several hair follicles that extend into subacute, fat, treat with oral antibiotics
83
What is cellulitis
inflammatory infection caused by Staph aureus or Strep pyogenies
causes edema, treat with oral antibiotics
84
What is erysipelas
Superficial cellulitis, streak of red along lymph channel, treat with oral antibiotics
85
What is in-patient diabetic foot infection
limb threatening, systemic toxicity, new osteomyelitis, aerobic + anaerobic, treat with oral antibiotics
86
What is out-patient diabetic foot infection
non-limb threatening, contained to foot, treat with oral antibiotics
87
What is KOH prep
visualize branching hyphae
88
What is fungal culture
identify species of dermatophyte, hair and nail only
89
What is woods light
fungal infections of hair will flurries greenish, tinea versicolor, helps to see hypo pigmented lesions
90
What is tinea pedis/athletes foot
Dermatophyte infection of the foot, grows in moist, heat, footwear
91
What is interdigital tinea pedis
infection of toe web space, dry and scaly or macerated (with bacterial infection) treat with topical antifungals
92
What is plantar hyperkeratotic
infection of entire sole, fine silver white scales
93
What is tinea pedis/moccasin type
treat with topical antifungals
94
what is acute vesicular tinea pedis
vesicular eruption of sole or dorsum of foot, ID reaction causes inflammation in other areas (d/t occlusive footwear), treat with topical anti-fungal, treat ID reaction with topical steroid
95
What is refractory tinea pedia
treat with oral antifungals
96
What is the treatment for tinea pedis
Topical Antifungals (1st line)
Oral Antifungals (secondary infection)
Wide shoes
Dry area, change socks
wet/dry compresses
97
What is tinea corporus/tinea faciei
ringworm annular lesions, raised advancing erythematous border and central clearing, on body, treat with topical antifungals
98
What is deep inflammatory tinea corporis
kerion due to zoophilic dermatophytes, treat with oral antifungals
99
Before treatment with oral antifungals, you need?
KOH prep and monitor with CBC and LFT
100
What is tinea manuum
Infection of the hand
dorm: annular lesions
Palm: dry diffuse thickened skin
Treat with topical antifungals, nails treat with oral
101
What is tinea cruris jock itch
infection of the groin, red brow scaling, unilateral, half-moon papule and vesicles, treat with topical antifungals
102
What is candida groin
Bilateral and satellite lesions that extend to perineum
103
What is erythrasma
uni/bilateral brown scales that fluoresce coral red under woods light
104
What in non-inflammatory tinea capitis
well demarcated alopecia with black dot appearance, treat with oral antifungal
105
What is inflammatory tinea capitis
scarring alopecia, kerion, treat with oral antifungal
106
What is pustular type of tinea capitis
alopecia with pustules (often mistaken for bacterial infection) treat with oral antifungals
107
What is tinea barbae
Infection of the beard, superficial annular lesions, deep follicular kerion-hair is easy and painless to remove, treat with oral antifungals
108
What is tinea incognito
diffuse, scatter erythematous pustules, inflammation after steroids are discontinued.
Treat with topical antifungals
109
What is monilial vulvovaginitis
Caused by candida albicans, yeast infection white discharge, can spread via satellite lesions, treat with topical/oral antifungals (no oral if pregnant)
110
What is oral candidiasis/thrush
candida of oropharynx, white film over mucous membrane, treat with gentian violet (1st) oral antifungals (2nd), treat breastfeeding mother
111
What is candida balanitis
candida of shaft/glans of penis
erythematous papules/pustules with white exudate, treat with topical anti-fungal (1st), oral anti fungal (2nd), steroid for inflammation
112
What is candida intertrigo
infection of large skin folds, satellite lesions, fissuring, pustule type and erythematous plaque type, treat with topical antifungals
113
What is diaper candidiasis
Infection between skin and wet diaper, red base with satellite lesions, treat with topical anti-fungals, antibiotic ointment for secondary infection
114
What is perleche/angular cheilitis
yeast or staph infection at angle of mouth, due to lip-licking, drooling, aggressive flossing, sore fissures that scale, treat with topical antifungals, avoid lip licking
115
What is tinea versicolor
Caused by pityrosporum species of yeast, common in sebaceous glands, KOH prep spaghetti and meatballs, woods light yellow-white, treat with anti-fungal shampoo (1st), topical or oral anti-fungal
116
What is scabies
Parasitic mite that burrows in finger webbing, intense pruritis, treat with topical anti parasitic (1st) oral anti parasitic (2nd) clean dispose fomites, hot water
117
what are pediculosis/lice
Parasite feeds on human blood, lay nits, pubic lice, most contagious std, treat with topical anti-parasitic (1st) oral anti-parasitic (2nd) nit combing
118
What are fleas
Insects that jump from animals onto humans, cause of bubonic plague, bites are cmmon on legs and ankles, treat pets, use antihistamines and lotions for itching
119
What are cimex lectularius/bed bugs
Blood sucking insects that hide in furniture, inject saliva into host, forms welts and itching, need to clean and keep good hygiene
120
Black widow spider bite
Female spider, toxin increases catecholamines, leads to muscle cramping, htn, tremor, treat with antivenom, ice to constrict vessels
121
Brown recluse spider bite
causes rapid blue-gray halo, deep ulcer with scarring, can lead to thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, treat with antibiotics for severe necrosis, rest, ice, elevation, manage pain
122
What is lyme disease
tick borne, B. burgdorferi, erythema migrans (bulls eye), targetoid lesion, ekg may show changes, presents with arthritis, treat with oral antibiotics
123
What is rocky mt spotted fever
tick borne, R. rickettsia infects endothelium of blood vessels, petechiae rash, leads to decreased platelets, edema, hypotension, treat within one week with oral antibiotics
124
what are hymenoptera stings
bee/wasp/hornet/yellow jacket/fire ant stings, toxic run (burning, red wheal) or allergic reaction (IgE mediated), anaphylaxis can lead to death, epinephrine used for severe Reaction
125
What are myiasis/fly larvae/maggots
infest by laying eggs on a blood sucking insect or infest directly thru opening, abscess lesion with central pore, patient feels movement in lesion, need to remove the larvae (can obstruct airway to kill it)
126
What is leishmaniosis
protozoan disease carried by sandflies, volcano like edges with central crater, ulcer heals with scarring, painless, need punch biopsy, culture and PCR, treat with CDC drug and antifungal
127
What is cutaneous larva migrans
creeping eruption caused by hookwork, wavy appearance, high risk if barefoot on sand or wet soil, treat with oral anti parasitic
128
what is schistosoma cercarial dermatitis
swimmers itch, caused by larvae of flatworm in fresh water, papules/pustules form after water evaporates, intense pruritus, self-limited, control itching with antihistamines
129
what are jellyfish or man of war stings
nematocyst from tentacle discharges poison, causes linear papule or wheals, immediate burning/numbness, treat with baking soda (east coast) or vinegar, alcohol kills toxins
130
what is cat scratch disease
caused by bartonella species, red macules or vesicles that can crust over (may need to drain pus) treat with antibiotics
131
cat scratch disease with animal bites
caused by pasteurella species, dog bites are more common but cat bites get infected more
132
cat scratch disease with human bites
higher risk of infection that animal bites, caused by aerobic and anaerobic species. occlusive fist tooth penetrates hand, consider joint/bone/tooth, never suture punch wound, bites should heal open, use antibiotics to treat infection or if wound is sutured irrigation is important
133
What is Measles (Rubeola)
Very contagious virus, report cases to CDC, maculopapular rash on chest/abdomen/face, check IgG and IgM, treat with supportive care, MMR vaccine
134
What is hand-foot-mouth disease
viral illness that presents as vesicular eruption, caused by coxsackie virus, contagious in children, treat with supportive care
135
What is scarlet fever
Group A strep, scarlatiniform bright red rash and strawberry tongue, fever, sore throat, malaise, treat with antibiotics
Goal: prevent rheumatic fever, reduce spread, and short illness
136
What is rubella
communicable disease, multiple erythematous maculopapular all over body, adults can develop arthritis and TTP, treat with supportive therapy, IVIG for TTP, MMR vaccine
137
What are erythema infectiosum/fifths disease
Slapped cheek appearance, caused by parvovirus, lacy/reticular pattern, clears and reoccurs with stress/overheating, treat with supportive therapy
138
What is roseola
Childhood disease caused by herpesvirus 6, Pink morbilliform rash, causes very high fever/seizures, need CSF exam, treat with supportive care
139
What are enterovirus infections
Virus shed from GI or upper respiratory trace, polio, coxsackie, and enterovirus is common, bulbar polio is worst, involves cranial nerves, treat with supportive care
140
What is kawasaki disease
acute febrile syndrome, risk of coronary artery aneurysm, strawberry tongue, treat with IVIG, prevent HF
141
What is toxic shock syndrome
Toxin mediated illness, caused by bacterial build up S. aureus or strep pyogenes, commonly d/t tampons, leads to multiorgan failure, desquamation, labs prolonged PT and PTT, treat with antibiotics
142
What is drug eruption
Adverse skin reaction to drug. morbilliform rash is common, treat with steroids, epinephrine used in emergency, discontinue offending drug
143
what is erythema multiforme
acute hypersensitivity reaction to drug or infection, sulfa/allopurinol, targetoid lesions, no illness, need HSV culture and biopsy, discontinue offending drug, antiviral for HSV
144
What is steven johnson syndrome TEN
Immune complex hypersensitivity reaction, sulfa/allopurinol/bactrim, bullous lesions, desquamation, sjs <10% of skin, TEN >30% of skin sloughs off, +Nikolsky sign, treat with steroids, discontinue offending drug
145
What is erythema nodosum
inflammatory immunologic reaction of panniculus (subacute fat), caused by strep or contraceptives, large, deep, nodules, treat with compression stockings, steroids for inflammation
146
what is hypersensitivity vasculitis (LCV)
Vascullitis with palpable purpura, non-blanchable, common on lower legs and feet, need ANA to rule out SLE, biopsy, elevate leg and use compression stockings
147
What is henoch schonlein purpura
vasculitis with palpable purpura on legs of children, may follow bacterial infection, treat with antibiotics
148
What is granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegeners)
Autoimmune disease, palpable purpura, digital necrosis, ulceration, labs BUN and creatinine levels, elevated ESR, treat with steroids
149
What is churg-strauss syndrome
allergic granulomatous angitis. related to wegeners. skin nodules/urticaria/digital necrosis/eosinophilia. +ANCA antibodies. Treat with steroids.
150
What is Schaumbergs disease
blood vessels rupture and cause edema, patches of orange-brown rust colored pigment on lower limbs, need biopsy, treat with compression stockings and leg elevation
151
What is pyoderma gangrenosum
diagnosis of exclusion, ulcerative condition usually on legs and hands, culture may reveal secondary infection, treat with topical and oral steroids
152
What is urticaria/wheals/hives
Transient erythematous swellings due to release of histamine, acute <30 days, chronic > 30 days, IgE mediated, can use allergy meds, prevent trigger
153
What is angioedema
urticaria involving deep dermis and subcut, tissue, caused by drug reaction, IgE mediated, can be life threatening
154
What is prurigo gravidarum
pregnancy related dermatoses, occurs in last month of pregnancy, no risk to fetus, intense pruritus, papule on extensors, treat with antihistamines, delivery in severe cases
155
What is dermatitis herpetiformis
autoimmune blistering disorder with gluten sensitivity, grouped papule or vesicles on extensors, punch biopsy, avoid gluten
156
what is linear IgA dermatosis
autoimmune blistering disorder, typically drug induced, common around mouth, pruritus prior to lesions, need DIF and biopsy, treat with antibiotics, discontinue offending drug
157
What is cutaneous B cell lymphoma
cancerous condition with nodules, soft and friable, gene study to differentiate between B-cell and T-cell, treat with oral antibiotics
158
What is cutaneous T cell lymphoma
cancerous condition, presents like eczema, patch/plaque/tumor, gene study to differentiate between B-cell and T-cell
159
What is diabetic bullae
blistering condition of acral skin, common in DM pts, need DIF biopsy, selp-limited, treat with topical antibiotics for secondary infection
160
What is bullous pemphigoid
autoimmune blistering disease does not involve mucous membranes, - nikolsky's sign, need DIF biopsy, treat with oral steroids
161
What is pemphigus vulgaris
autoimmune blistering disease does affect mucous membranes, can affect eyes and genitals, need DIF biopsy, treat with steroids
162
What is pemphigus foliaceus
autoimmune blistering disorder, variant of pemphigus vulgaris, affects trunk, face, chest, need DIF biopsy, treat with topical or oral steroids
163
What is pemphigus erythematous/senear - usher syndrome
blsitering disorder, overlap between lupus and pemphigus foliaceus, lesions on sun exposed areas, photosensitivity is common, need DIF biopsy, treat with topical or oral steroids
164
what is epidermolysis bullosa
congenital bullous disorder, blisters form due to mechanical trauma, affects skin and mucosa, need DIF biopsy, treat with antibiotics to reduce infection, risk of developing SCC
165
What is discoid lupus erythematosus
1-5% develops SLE, need ANA to rule out SLE, scarring Alopecia, bright red scaling over lesions, treat with steroids, retinoid, wear sunscreen
166
What is systemic lupus erythematosus
disease involving connective tissue and blood vessels, macular/butterfly lesions on face, need ANA to diagnose, associated with arthritis, treat with topical steroids
167
What is dermatomyositis
inflammatory lupus on the hands. Heliotrope rash (on upper eyelids), purple lesions on PIP and DIP joints, hair loss, arthritis, treat with steroids
168
What is scleroderma
systemic disease with skin thickening, progressive burning of skin, skin tightness, claw hand appearance, +ANA in most pts
169
What are verruca vulgaris (common wart)
Epidermal neoplasm caused by HPV, cauliflower with black dot appearance, common on hands, treat with freezing liquid nitrogen, electrocautery and blunt dissection, imiquimod cream, apple cider vinegar
170
What are plantar warts
Warts on soles of feet, may need debridement before treatment, treat with blunt dissection, laser cryosurgery, apple cider vinegar
171
What is molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus spread by auto inoculation, umbilicate, flesh colored, dome shaped papule (if on genitals of children, consider abuse) self-limited, treat with curette, cryosurgery, laser
172
What is herpes simplex virus (HSV)
HSV-1 oral lesions, HSV-2 genital lesions, vesicles on erythematous base, lesions are uniform in size and are contagious until crust over
phase 1 initial infections
phase 2 recurrent infection
virus is established in nerve ganglion, labs serology, IgG and IgM, viral culture, PCR, treat with oral antivirals (1st), topical antivirals(2nd), topical steroid for inflammation
173
What is eczema herpeticum
Atopic dermatitis and HSV infection, emergency in infants, rapid onset of HSV, treat with IV antivirals, oral antibiotic for secondary infection
174
What is varicella/chickenpox
viral infection caused by HHV 3, virus becomes latent ganglia, dew drop on a rose pedal, umbilicate papules crusts over and falls off in 7 days without scarring, treat with oral antivirals
175
What is herpes zoster/shingles
varicella virus, pre-eruptive pain, red swollen plaques of varying sizes, dermatomal distribution, lesions crust over and fall off in 2-3 weeks, can have pain without lesions, post herpetic pain is due to scarring of dorsal root, treat with oral antivirals
176
What is herpes zoster ophthalmicus
involves CN V dermatome, medical emergency if Hutchinson's sign, lesion on tip or side of nose (near the eye), treat with oral antivirals
177
What is herpes zoster ramsay syndrome
involves peripheral facial nerve palsy, rash on ear or mouth, medical emergency in infects entire ear canal, can lead to hearing loss
178
What is sacral herpes zoster
affects dermatomes S2/3/4, emergency if neurogenic bladder
179
What is photo aging
UVB causes mutations in skin, leads to benign and malignant neoplasms in sun-exposed areas, telangiectasia, irregular pigment, atrophy, wrinkling, treat with topical retinoids, avoid sun
180
What is pophyria's
congenital disorder caused by defect in heme pathway, deposits of porphyrin in skin, causes pigment changes to red brown. Can lead to skin breakdown, photosensitization, avoid triggers, eliminate porphyrin
181
What is vitiligo
autoimmune disorder of hypopigmentation, due to absence of melanocytes, woods light can detect, check for other autoimmune disorders, no treatment but can depigment to make even skin color
182
What is tuberous sclerosis
autoimmune disorder, oval, ash leaf shape hypopigmented macules, woods light can detect
183
What is lentiginous/age spots
occur in sun-exposed areas, hyper pigmented or skin thickening, biopsy irregular spots, treat with cryotherapy, laser, topicals
184
What is melasma (chloasma)
mask of pregnancy, caused by pregnancy, contraceptives, common on face and neck, symmetrical hyperpigmented lesion, treat with triple combo therapy, laser, sunscreen
185
What is Cafe Au Lait spots
Congenital disorder, plate brown macule, can lead to neurofibromatosis
186
What is seborrheic dermatitis
erythematous scales on forehead, eyebrows, central face, d/t overproduction of yeast on oil-producing skin, flakes behind ear, treat with topical steroids or topical antifungals and antidandruff shampoo
187
what is Acne Vulgaris (common acne)
Disease of sebaceous glands, follicular thickening plugs pores that rupture and cause papule/pustule/cyst/nodule type 1 comedonal acne, type 2 superficial papule, type 3 nodular cysts, treated by topical antibiotics (superficial), oral antibiotics (deep), proper face washing
188
What is rosacea
adult onset of acne, no comedones present, erythema and telangiectasia's, rhinophyma (hyperplasia of nose), treat with topical antibiotics (1st), oral antibiotics (2nd) accutane or isotretinoin (3rd) avoid triggers, laser treatments
189
What is atopic dermatitis
the itch that rashes, type of exzema, presents with asthma or allergic rhinitis, leads to xerosis or dry skin, commonly on extensors in infants but flexors as child or adult, treat with topical steroids, antibiotics for bacterial infection, warm baths, mild soaps, moisturizers
190
What is allergic contact dermatitis
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction, due to drugs, metals, cosmetics, and onset occurs on eyelids, patch testing may be needed, treat with topical steroids, oral steroids for acute flare ups, avoid offending agent
191
What is Rhus allergy
Allergic reaction to poison ivy or poison oak, leaves of three - let them be, rash occurs in linear arrangement, treat with topical steroids, oral steroids for severe cases, antihistamines for pruritus
192
What is pityriasis rosea
eruption of viral rash on trunck "christmas tree pattern", self-limited
193
