Rheumatic disease 1 Flashcards
What is meant by degenerative
occurs in age
- osteoarthritis
what is meant by articular
affects joints
what are the 2 categories of articular disease
inflammatory or degenerative
give examples of inflammatory disease
RA, SLE
give examples of degenerative disease
osteoarthritis
-hand, large joints, spine
what are the characteristics of articular inflammatory disease
- often symmetrical involvement
- small joints always affected, sometimes large joints
- EMS> 30 mins, pain with activity
- soft tissue swelling
describe how the ACR/EULAR criteria is used to diagnose RA
point system divided in sections
1. joint distribution
2. serology
3. symptom duration
4. acute phase reactants
- score above 5 indicates RA
Describe the onset of RA
Usually a slow, insidious onset over weeks to months
- about 15% of individuals have rapid onset
- about 8% have acute symptoms that develop over days
give examples of RA non joint features
- nodules
- sicca
- dry eyes
- others (uncommon)- inflammation in blood vessels
what is the causation of RA
- genetic and environmental factors (smoking)
- complex and poorly understood
- HLA determines severity and involves different gene systems
- trigger could be injury/virus or infection
what could RA lead to if left untreated
- disability
- damage
- deformity
- death
outline the treatment and prognosis of RA
- NSAIDS
- steroids
- conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDS)
- targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDS)
- biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDS)
describe the surgical intervention methods that can be used for RA
- removal of inflamed synovium
- arthroplasty
- reconstruction/fusion
- high risk procedure
- questionable outcomes
what is meant by scleroderma
hardening of the skin
what is meant by myositis
inflammation of the muscles
what is meant by vasculitis
inflammation of blood vessel walls
what does lupus commonly affect
commonly affects kidneys
- can also affect the heart even if not feeling any heart symptoms
- most common problem is bumps and swelling of the endocardium
where can the inflammation of lupus be seen
in the lining, covering and muscles of the heart
describe the rash effects caused with SLE
- people will SLE are very sensitive to sunlight
- rashes are red, itchy and painful
- most typical is butterfly rash which appears on face
describe the joint pain caused with SLE
- most commonly hands, wrists and knees
- usually the same joints on both sides of the body are affected
- pain can come and go or it can be long lasting
- soft tissue around the joints are often swollen, but there is usually no excess fluid in the joint
how does SLE affect pregnancy
the chances of miscarriage, premature birth and death of baby in the uterus are high
a patient scores 7 on the ACR/EULAR classification. Describe the components of this classification system and why this score is important in diagnosis
- components of classification system:
- joint distribution
- serology
- symptom duration
- acute phase reactants - this score is important in diagnosis as it allows the patient to be treated, and as the treatment for RA should commence within 12 weeks of diagnosis, it means that appropriate treatment can commence for the patient
