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Rheum And Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Drug endings:

  • olo
  • oxin
  • pril
  • tidine
  • tropin
A 
Beta-blocker
Digoxin 
ACE inhibitor 
H2 blockers
Pituitary hormone
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2
Q

Alpha-adrenergic treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

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3
Q

Why do the kidneys retain fluid in patients with heart failure?

A

Renal hypoperfusion leads to the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

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4
Q

Bone metastasis

A 
Prostate
Renal cell carcinoma
Testes
Thyroid 
Lung
Breast
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5
Q

Most common malignant primary tumor in children

A

Osteosarcoma

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6
Q

Most common benign bone tumor

A

Osteochondroma

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7
Q

11;22 translocation

A

Ewing sarcoma

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8
Q

Rb mutation

A

Osteosarcoma

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9
Q

Sunburst pattern on x-Ray

A

Osteosarcoma

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10
Q

Soap bubble appearance on x-Ray

A

Osteoclastoma

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11
Q

Onion skin appearance of bone

A

Ewing sarcoma

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12
Q

May actually be a hamartoma

A

Osteochondroma

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13
Q

Codman’s triangle on x-Ray

A

Osteosarcoma

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14
Q

Achondroplasia mutation

A

Fibroblast growth factor 3

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15
Q

Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase and function:

A

Echothiophate - glaucoma
Edrophonium - diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Neostigmine - myasthenia gravis, ileus, urinary retention
Pyridostigmine - myasthenia gravis
Physostigmine - anticholinergic drug overdose

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16
Q

Mechanisms by which heart contractility can be increased?

A

Catecholamines
Increased intracellular calcium
Decreased extracellular sodium
Digoxin

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17
Q

Osteoclasts are similar to:

A

Macrophages

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18
Q

Reversible when vitamin D is replaced

A

Osteomalacia/Rickets

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19
Q

Excess osteoclastic activity results in disorganized bony architecture

A

Paget disease of bone

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20
Q

Bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

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21
Q

Soft bones due to defective mineralization of osteoid

A

Osteomalacia/rickets

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22
Q

Failure of bone resorption leads to thickened and dense bones

A

Osteopetrosis

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23
Q

Genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II

A

Osteopetrosis

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24
Q

Bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis

A

Paget disease of bone

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25
Vertebral compression fractures
Osteoporosis
26
Drug endings: - dronate - chol - mustine - statin - bendazole
``` Biphosphonates Cholinergic agonists Nitrosureas HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Antihelminthic drugs ```
27
Side effects of Amiodarone
``` Pulmonary fibrosis Hepatotoxicity Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism Corneal deposits Photosensitivity Neurologic effects Constipation Cardiovascular effect ```
28
Conditions associated with diastolic murmurs:
Mitral stenosis Tricuspid stenosis Aortic regurgitation Pulmonic regurgitation
29
Dislocated shoulder
Head of the humorous rotates out of the glenoid cavity
30
Separated shoulder
Clavicle separates from the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula
31
Structures damaged in an anterior shoulder dislocation
Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery Supraspinatus tendon Anterior glenohumeral ligaments and glenoid labrum separation from the articular surface of the anterior glenoid neck (Bankart lesion) Posterolateral humeral head defect due to forceful impact against the anterior rim of the glenoid (Hill-Sachs lesion)
32
Most common type of hip dislocation:
Posterior dislocation
33
Structures injured in a posterior hip dislocation:
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries Femoral vein Sciatic nerve Head of femur
34
Ankle sprain treatment:
``` "RICE" Rest Ice Compression Elevation NSAIDs Range of motion exercises ```
35
Initial 15 degrees of arm abduction External rotation of arm Internal rotation of arm
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus, teres minor Subscapularis
36
Ligaments that are typically injured during an ankle sprain:
Anterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament
37
Positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
38
Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox
Scaphoid fracture
39
Competitive antagonist
Decreased potency | No change in efficacy
40
Treatment of benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil (competitive antagonist)
41
80 y/o man with a systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur.
Aortic stenosis
42
Antibodies useful in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid factor | Anti-citrullinated protein antibody
43
How do NSAIDs cause renal disease?
Block prostaglandin synthesis Constrict renal vessels Decrease renal blood flow Can cause acute interstitial nephritis
44
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
45
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
46
Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
Osteoarthritis
47
Medications for acute gout exacerbation:
NSAIDs (indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen) Colchicine Steroids
48
Medication for chronic gout:
Allopurinol Probenecid Colchicine NSAIDs
49
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
Gout
50
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
Pseudogout
51
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
Gout
52
Bamboo spine on x-Ray
Ankylosing spondylitis
53
HLA-B27
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
54
Pencil-in-cup deformity on x-Ray of the finger
Psoriatic arthritis
55
Carbachol Bethanechol Pilocarpine
Direct cholinergic agonists
56
``` Atropine Ipratropium Scopolamine Benztrapine Oxybutynin Glycopyrnolate ```
Cholinergic antagonists
57
Neostigmine Echotiophate Donepezil Edrophonium
Indirect cholinergic agonists (anti-acetylcholinesterases)
58
Epinephrine
Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 agonist
59
Norepinephrine
Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 agonist
60
Dopamine
D1 = D2 > B1 > a1 agonists
61
Isoproterenol
B1 = B2 agonists
62
Terbutaline
B2 > B1 agonist
63
Phenylephrine
a1 > a2 agonist
64
Pralidoxime
Cholinesterase regenerator
65
``` Terazosin Prazosin Doxazosin Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine ```
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists (a-blockers)
66
Propranolol Timolol Labetalol
Nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers)
67
Atenolol Esmolol Metoprolol
B1 selective blockers
68
Treatment of an acute gout exacerbation
NSAIDs Colchicine Steroids
69
Treatment of chronic gout
Allopurinol Probenecid Colchicine or NSAIDs
70
Teen presents with pink-eye, arthritis of the left knee, and dysuria.
Reactive arthritis
71
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint.
Gout
72
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
Pseudogout
73
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
Gout
74
Bamboo spine on x-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis
75
HLA-B27
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
76
Pencil-in-cup deformity on x-Ray of the finger
Psoriatic arthritis

DIT (3 decks)

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