rheum

Question 1

name a complication of paget’s disease

Answer 1

Deafness

Question 2

How do you calculate adjusted calcium for low albumin?

Answer 2

ca + ((40- alb) x 0.02)

Question 3

How do you calculate adjusted calcium for high albumin?

Answer 3

ca - ((alb- 45) x 0.02)

Question 4

Define brachydactyly

Answer 4

Shortness in fingers and toes

Question 5

How many days does a bone remodeling cycle take?

Answer 5

The cycle takes approximately 120 days.

Question 6

Which cell makes Osteoid?

Answer 6

Osteoblasts

Question 7

Peak bone mass is achieved at …. years

Answer 7

20-30 years

Question 8

Age related bone loss begins at ….years

Answer 8

40-50 years

Question 9

Risk factors for osteoporosis (8)

Answer 9

• Advancing age
• Hypogonadism (either sex)
• Female gender
• Glucocorticoid therapy
• Caucasian or Asian race
• Low body weight
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Previous or prevalent fragility fracture

Question 10

What is Schirmer’s Test

Answer 10

Test to assess for dry eyes by placing a strip in the lower eyelid

Question 11

True or False

Gout displays positive birefingement crystal in polarised light?

Answer 11

FALSE

Gout displays NEGATIVE birefingement crystal in polarised light?

Question 12

True or False

Pseudogout displays positive birefingement crystal in polarised light?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Define Mononeuritis Multiplex

Answer 13

Neuropathy of 2 or more nerves that are not anatomically related

Question 14

Bechet’s disease is asscociated with which genetic type (hla..)

Answer 14

HLA-B5

Question 15

Name the symptoms of Bechet’s disease

Answer 15

• Ulceration of the Mouth and genitals
• Joint pain
• uveitis
• skin lesions

Question 16

Treatment for Bechet’s

Answer 16

• Colchicine
• DMARDS: Azothioprine or cyclophosphamide
• Infliximab

Question 17

What is Wegener’s Granulomatosis - now renamed Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Answer 17

Small vessel vasculitis that affects the kidneys, lungs, nose, ears and sinuses

Question 18

Name a few symptoms of Granulomatosis with Polyangiatis

• Lungs
• Skin
• Eyes
• Bowels
• Nerves

Answer 18

Lungs - breathlessness, wheeze, dry cough or coughing up blood
Skin - rashes, ulcers, and necrosis (death of tissue)
Eyes - red (blood shot) eyes, painful, dry or gritty eyes, visual loss or other changes in vision
Nerves - loss of sensation, weakness, unusual painful symptoms in the hands and feet (hotness, pins and needles or “electric shocks”) and rarely paralysis or stroke
Bowels - Diarrhoea, bleeding and abdominal pain.

Question 19

Treatment for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)

Answer 19

Steroid (Presdisolone) + DMARD (cyclophosphamine/ Methotrexate)

Question 20

Sjogren’s Syndrome is asscociated with which genetic type (hla..) in caucasians

Answer 20

HLA-DR3

Question 21

What are the antibody markers for systemic sclerosis?

Answer 21

positive ANA, often anti-centromere or anti-Scl-70 antibodies

Question 22

What is Behçet’s Syndrome?

Answer 22

It is a systemic vasculitis that affects both Arteries and Veins and also many organ systems

Question 23

How is Polyarteritis nodosa treated?

Answer 23

• High dose Glucocorticoid therapy

+

• Pulsed cyclophosphamide therapy

Question 24

Jaccoud’s arthropathy is a manifestation of which disease?

Answer 24

SLE