Rhetts FlashCards (Chapter 5-6) i think
The inferior part of the sternum or breast bone.
Xiphoid
The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement.
Muscuskeleton System.
The Bones of the Body
Skeleton
Tissues that can contract to allow movement of the body.
Muscles
Tissues that connect bone to bone
Ligaments
Tissues that connect muscle to bone.
Tendons
The bony structure of the head
Skull
The bony structure making up the forehead, top, back, and upper sides of the skull.
Cranium
The lower jawbone
Mandible
The two fused bones forming the upper jaw.
Maxillae
The bones that form the upper third, or bridge of the nose
Nasal Bones
The bony structure around the eyes or eye sockets
Orbits
The bones that form the structure of the cheeks
Zygomatic arches
The 33 bones of the spinal column
Vertebrae
Anatomical Name for Chest
Thorax
Anatomical Name for Breast Bone
Sternum
The superior portion of the sternum
Manubrium
The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the low extremeties
Pelvis
The superior and widest portion of the pelvis
Ilium
The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
Ischium
The medical anterior portion of the pelvis
Pubis
The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
Acetabulum
The large bone of the thigh
Femur
Anatomical name for Knee Cap
Patella
The medial and larger bone of the lower leg
Tibia
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Fibula
Protrusion on the side of the ankle
Malleolus
Anatomical Name for Ankle Bones
Tarsals
Anatomical Name for Foot Bones
Metatarsals
Anatomical Name for the Heel Bone
Calacaneus
Anatomical Name for the Toes and Fingers
Phalanges
Anatomical Name for Collar Bone
Clavicle
Anatomical Nam for Shoulder Blade
Scapula
The highest portion of the shoulder (Shoulder Blade)
Acromion
The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
Acromioclavicular Joint
The lateral bone of the forearm
Radius
The medial bone of the forearm
Ulna
Anatomical Name of Wrist Bones
Carpals
Anatomical Name of Hand Bones
Metacarpals
Places where bones articulate or come together
Joints
What are muscles that can be consciously controlled?
Voluntary Muscles
The muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled.
Involuntary muscles
Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
Cardiac Muscle
The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.
Automatically
The system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also known as the pulmonary system.
Respiratory System
The area directly posterior to the mouth
Oropharynx
The area directly posterior to the nose
Nasopharynx
The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose
Pharynx
A leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
Epiglottis
Anatomical name of the “voice box”
Larynx
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portions of the larynx
Cricoid Cartilage
The “windpipe”; The structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
Trachea
The organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide takes place.
Lungs
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs
Bronchi
The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
Alveoli
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; A major muscle of respirations
Diaphram
An active process in which the rib muscles and the diaphragm contracts, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs; Another term for Inspiration
Inhalation
A synonym for posterior
Dorsal
Toward the head
Superior
Away from the Head
Inferior
Closer to the Torso
Proximal
Further from the Torso
Distal
The trunk of the body or the body without the head nd the extremities
Torso
Referring to the palm of the hand
Palmar
Referring to the sole of the foor
Plantar
The line through the center of each divide
Midclavicular Line
The Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury; RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
Abdominal Quadrants
Laying on the Back
Supine
Laying Face Down
Prone
Laying on the Side
Recovery Position
Foundation of a word that can stand on its own
Roots
A word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word.
Combining Form
Word part added to the beginning of a root or word to modify or quality its meaning
Prefix
Word part added to the end of root or word to complete its meaning
Suffix
A word formed from two or more whole words
Compounds
Another Word for Difficulty Breathing
Dyspnea
The Study of Body Structure
Anatomy
The study of Body Function
Physiology
The standard reference position for the body in study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.
Anatomical Postion
The flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object
Plane
An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves
Midline
Toward the midline of the body
Medial
To the side, away from the midline of the body
Lateral
On both sides of the body
Bilateral
Limited to one side of the Body
Unilateral
A line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
Midaxillary Line
The front of the body or part
Anterior
The back of the body or body part
Posterior
A synonym for anterior
Ventral
The smallest kind of artery
Arteriole
Thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient of waste exchange with the body’s cells take place
Capillaries
The smallest kind of vein
Venule
Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
Vein
Vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Pulmonary Vein
The fluid portion of the blood
Plasma
The vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary Artery
The large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck that carry blood from the heart to the head.
Carotid Arteries
The major artery supplying the leg
Femoral Artery
The artery of the upper arm; the sire of the pulse checked during infant CPR
Brachial Artery
Artery of the lower arm; The artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist
Radial Artery
Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
Posterior Tibial
Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
The two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricles
Sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Right Ventricle
Sends oxygen-rich blood to the body
Left Ventricle
The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium.
Venea Cava
A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
Valve
A system of specialized muscle tissues that conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
Cardiac Conduction System
Any blood vessel that carry’s blood away from the heart
Artery
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
Coronary Arteries
The largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
Aorta
Anatomical System that consists of the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
The upper two chambers of the heart
Atria
Which chamber in the heart receives unoxygenated blood returning to the body
Right Atrium
Which chamber in the heart receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs?
Left Atrium
The process of moving gases into and out of the pulmonary circulation; also artificial provisions of Breaths
Ventilation
The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood, between the blood and cells; The act of breathing in and out
Respiration
A system that helps manage the PH of the body to maintain it at a normal level
Buffer System
What position is a patient in when sitting down?
Fowlers Position
The wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple
Thyroid Cartilage
A passive process in which the rib muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs; Also called expiration
Exhalation
The female organ of reproduction used both for sexual intercourse and or a passage way from the uterus for the fetur
Vagina
The muscular abdominal female organ where the fetus develops; The womb
Uterus
What is the anatomical name for the eggs and hormone producing organs within the female; The female reproductive system
Ovaries
What is the anatomical name of the male reproductive organ responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm
Penis
What is the anatomical name of the male reproductive organ used for the production of sperm and hormones
Testes
What body system is responsible for human reproduction
Reproductive system
The tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine
Urethra
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands. As a medication, it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages; Also used to relieve severe allergic reactions
Epinephrine
Which body system regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood? Also called the urinary system
Renal System
What organs of the renal system are used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body?
Kidneys
Which organ is a round, saclike organ of the renal system is used as a reservoir for urine?
Bladder
What are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder called?
Ureters
A small tube near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen is called? (the function of which is not well understood)
Appendix
The layer of tissue between the body and the external environment
Skin
The outer layer of the Skin
Epidermis
The inner(second) layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found between the epidermis
Dermis
The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
Subcutaneous Layer
System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
Endocrine System
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many people with diabetes
Insulin
The system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensations, movement, and thought
Nervous system
Which system consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
The nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord and all of the body’s other motor and sensory nerves
Peripheral Nervous System
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
Autonomic Nervous System
System by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms
Digestive System
Muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins
Stomach
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum that receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion
Small intestine
The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excreation
Large intestine
The largest organ INSIDE of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
Liver
A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
Gallbladder
A glad located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine
Pancreas
An organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood
Spleen
The body’s inability to circulate blood adequately to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called HYPOperfusion
Shock
The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body’s immune system
Lymphatic System
Th supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Perfusion
Components of the Blood. They carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells
Red blood cells
Component of the blood that produces substances that help the body fight infections
White blood cells
Component of the blood that is membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells
Platelets
The rhythmic beats that are felt through the skin nd that are caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
Pulse
Which type of pulses are the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses?
Peripheral Pulses
Which type of pulses are the carotid and femoral pulses?
Central Pulses
The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure is metered as?
Blood pressure
The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation
Systolic Blood Pressure
The pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling?
Diastolic Blood Pressure
