Rhetorical Vocab Pt.2

Question 1

Pedantic

Answer 1

overly concerned in one’s learning

Question 2

Euphemism

Answer 2

substitution of words that sound not as harsh

Question 3

anachronism

Answer 3

something or someone not in correct time period

Question 4

colloquialism

Answer 4

informal speech or expression “I wasn’t born yesterday”

Question 5

invective

Answer 5

insulting or abusive words or expressions

Question 6

discernible

Answer 6

distinguishable

Question 7

ambiguity

Answer 7

unclear; doubtful

Question 8

nostalgic

Answer 8

sentimental yearning for the happiness felt in a former time, place or situation

Question 9

simile

Answer 9

comparing two things to clarify how they are alike…uses words like or as

Question 10

metaphor

Answer 10

comparing two things without using like or as

Question 11

red herring

Answer 11

meant to deter or throw off readers or speakers//occurs when the writer creates a distraction

Question 12

exordium

Answer 12

Latin word for beginning/introduction to an essay

Question 13

peroratio

Answer 13

brings the essay to a close

Question 14

claim

Answer 14

assertion or proposition

Question 15

claim of fact

Answer 15

asserts if something is true or not true

Question 16

claim of value

Answer 16

argues if something is good or bad

Question 17

claim of policy

Answer 17

proposing a change

Question 18

closed thesis

Answer 18

statement of the main idea of the argument that ALSO previews the major points the writer tends to make

Question 19

open thesis

Answer 19

the main idea of an argument but does not list all the points the writer intends to cover

Question 20

counterargument thesis statement

Answer 20

this statement usually contains an although or a but BEFORE the writer’s opinion

Question 21

logical fallacies

Answer 21

potential weaknesses in an argument

Question 22

fallacies of relevance

Answer 22

using evidence that is not relevant to the claim

Question 23

ad hominem

Answer 23

tactic of switching from the topic at hand to attacking the character of the other speaker

Question 24

fallacies of accuracy

Answer 24

using information that is inaccurate (straw man fallacy - using an oversimplified example in order to ridicule an opponent’s view.

Question 25

fallacies of insufficiency

Answer 25

hasty generalizations/ not enough evidence to support/ circular reasoning is repeating bad evidence resulting in no evidence at all

Question 26

satire

Answer 26

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues in order to raise awareness or to bring about change; ridiculing something in an attempt to bring about change or to raise awareness

Question 27

DIDLS Prose Analysis Method

Answer 27

Be able to write out each letter and explain each. Stands for Diction, Images, Details, Language, Sentence Structure.

Question 28

Diction

Answer 28

What words does the author choose? Consider his/her word choice compared to another. Why did the author choose that particular word? What are the connotations of that word choice?

Question 29

Images

Answer 29

What images does the author use? What does he/she focus on in a sensory way? The kinds of images the author puts in or leaves out reflect his/her style? Are they vibrant? Prominent? Plain? NOTE: Images differ from detail in the degree to which they appeal to the senses.

Question 30

Details

Answer 30

What details does the author choose to include? What do they imply? What does the author choose to exclude? What are the connotations of their choice of details? PLEASE NOTE: Details are facts or fact-lets. They differ from images in that they don’t have a strong sensory appeal.

Question 31

Language

Answer 31

What is the overall impression of the language the author uses? Does it reflect education? A particular profession? Intelligence? Is it plain? Ornate? Simple? Clear? Figurative? Poetic?

Question 32

Sentence Structure

Answer 32

What are the sentences like? Are they simple with one or two clauses? Do they have multiple phrases? Are they choppy? Flowing? Sinuous like a snake? Is there antithesis, chiasmus, parallel construction? What emotional impression do they leave? If we are talking about poetry, what is the meter? Is there a rhyme scheme?

Question 33

warrant

Answer 33

the general, hypothetical and often implicit logical statements that serve as bridges between the claim and the data

Question 34

qualifier

Answer 34

statements that limit the strengths of the argument or statements that propose the conditions under which the argument is true

Question 35

rebuttal

Answer 35

counter arguments or statements indicating circumstances when the general argument does not hold true

Question 36

backing

Answer 36

statements that serve to support the warrants

Question 37

syllogism

Answer 37

a logical structure that uses major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion

Question 38

Rogerian arguments

Answer 38

based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating

Question 39

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 39

italicize foreign words or underline them when you use them in your writing

Question 40

correlation does not imply causation

Answer 40

incorrect to claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier

Question 41

bathos

Answer 41

insincere pathos

Question 42

ad populum

Answer 42

bandwagon appeal

Question 43

SOAPStone

Answer 43

subject, occasion, audience, purpose, speaker, tone Be able to write out and explain each.

Question 44

rhetorical triangle

Answer 44

a diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text (p. 4 Bedford) ALSO called Aristotelian ___. Be able to draw, label, and explain it. List each letter for POETSGAS

Question 45

nominalization

Answer 45

the process of changing a verb into a noun

Question 46

exclamatory

Answer 46

sentence that makes an exclamation

Question 47

imperative

Answer 47

a sentence that gives a command

Question 48

interrogatory

Answer 48

a sentence that asks a question

Question 49

declarative

Answer 49

a sentence that makes a statement

Question 50

enthymeme

Answer 50

one of the premises is implied (taken for granted that it’s understood)

Question 51

Juvenalian satire

Answer 51

characterized by its bitter and abrasive nature. A ___ist is much more likely to see the targets of his satire as evil or actively harmful to society, and to attack them with serious intent to harm their reputation or power. While ___ often attacks individuals on a personal level, it’s most common objective is social criticism

Question 52

Horatian satire

Answer 52

utilizes a much gentler form of ridicule to highlight folly or oddity

Question 53

Anaphora

Answer 53

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

Question 54

Ibid

Answer 54

in the same source (used to save space in textual references to a quoted work which has been mentioned in a previous reference).

Question 55

Menippean Satire

Answer 55

The genre of ___ is a form of satire, usually in prose, which has a length and structure similar to a novel and is characterized by attacking mental attitudes rather than specific individuals or entities.

Question 56

Et al

Answer 56

short for Latin term et alia, which means “and others.”

Question 57

i.e.

Answer 57

The abbreviation ___ stands for id est, which translates literally as “that is.” Sometimes it might be more useful, however, to translate it as “what that means is” or “that is to say.” This abbreviation is used to clarify the preceding idea by restating it more simply or in different terms. It might be useful to think of ___ as representing an equal sign (=). This will help you remember that ___ stands for a strict equivalence.

Question 58

e.g.

Answer 58

The abbreviation ___ stands for exempli gratia, which translates literally as “for the sake of an example”-but you can really just cut out the stuff in the middle and read it as “for example.”

Question 59

N.B.

Answer 59

The abbreviation ___ stands for nota bene, which literally translates as “note well,” although in practice you can read it as “pay attention.”

Question 60

Cf.

Answer 60

The abbreviation ___ stands for the Latin word confer which means “compare.” It is primarily used in endnotes or footnotes to point readers to works that the author recommends referencing in comparison with the work at hand. Therefore, it might be more useful to read ___ as “but compare this to.”

Question 61

Sic

Answer 61

Although it is not an abbreviation, ___ is included here because it is one of the more frequently used Latin terms. The word ___ means “thus” or “so” and is used in quotations to indicate that any strange aspects of a piece of text, such as errors in of grammar[___], spelling, or word choice, are part of the original text and not a typo. Therefore, it could be more appropriately translated as “yes, that’s actually what it says.”

Question 62

Circa

Answer 62

Circa, which translates as “around” or “approximately,” usually appears with dates.