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AP English > Rhetorical Terms 2 > Flashcards

Rhetorical Terms 2 Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
0
Q

The repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses

A

Anaphora

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1
Q

A reference in a written or spoken text to another text or to some particular body of knowledge

A

Allusion

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2
Q

The repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order.
Ex: you can take the boy out of the country, but you can’t take the country out of the boy

A

Antimetabole

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3
Q

The juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas often in parallel structure.
Ex: place your virtues on a pedestal; put your vices under a rock

A

Antithesis

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4
Q

An elaborate statement justifying some controversial, even contentious, position.

A

Apology

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5
Q

Type of soliloquy where nature is addressed as though human.

A

Apostrophe

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6
Q

In a text, the reference to words,action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalization, or conclusion

A

Appeal to authority

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7
Q

A carefully constructed, well-supported representation of how a writer sees an issue, problem, or subject.

A

Argument

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8
Q

The repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words.

A

Assonance

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9
Q

The situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept.

A

Begging of the question

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10
Q

The relationship expressing, “if X is the cause, then Y is the effect,” or,”if Y is the effect, then X caused it”.

A

Causal relationship (cause-and-effect relationship)

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11
Q

The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point that a syllogism or enthuse me expresses. The point, backed up by support, of an argument.

A

Claim

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12
Q

A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

A

Complex sentence

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13
Q

A sentence with two or more independent clauses.

A

Compound sentence

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14
Q

The struggle of characters with themselves, with others, or with the world around them.

A

Conflict

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15
Q

The implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed “dictionary meaning”.

A

Connotation

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16
Q

The convergence of time, place, audience, and motivating factors in which a piece of writing or a speech is situated.

A

Context

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17
Q

Facts, statistics, and examples the a speaker or writer offers in support of a claim, generalization, or conclusion.

A

Data

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18
Q

The dictionary definition of a word, in contrast to its connotation, or implied meaning.

A

Denotation

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19
Q

The omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the overall context of a passage.

A

Ellipsis

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20
Q

The repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses.

Ex: “they saw no evil, they spoke no evil, they heard no evil.”

A

Epistrophe

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21
Q

Epithet

A

A word or phrase adding a characteristic to a person’s name

Ex: Richard the lion-hearted

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22
Q

An indirect expression of unpleasant information in such a war as to lessen its impact.

Ex: downsizing rather than fired

A

Euphemism

23
Q

In ancient Roman oratory, the introduction of a speech, meant to draw the audience into the speech.

A

Exordium

24
Q

Language dominated by the use of schemes and tropes.

A

Figurative language

25
Q

A point that a speaker or writer generates on the basis of considering a number of particular examples.

A

Generalization

26
Q

In ancient Roman oratory, the method that the speakers used to memorize their speeches, connecting the introduction to the porch of a house, the narration and partition to the front foyer, the confirmation and refutation to rooms connected to the foyer, and the conclusion to the back door.

A

House analogy

27
Q

Language that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader.

A

Imagery

28
Q

A metaphor embedded in a sentence rather than expressed directly in a sentence.

Ex: his voice was a cascade through the hallways

A

Implied metaphor

29
Q

A conclusion the a reader or listener reaches by means of his or her own thinking rather than by direct statement in text.

A

Inference

30
Q

The goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text

Also called aim or purpose

A

Intention

31
Q

Writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken.

A

Irony

32
Q

The specialized vocabulary of a particular group.

A

Jargon

33
Q

Vocabulary characterized by the choice of elaborate, often complicated words derived from Latin roots.

A

Latinate diction

34
Q

Understatement

Ex: her performance ran the gamut if emotion from A to B.

A

Litotes

35
Q

The appeal of a text based on the logical structure of its argument or central ideas.

A

Logos

36
Q

An entity referred to by one if it’s attributes or associations

Ex: the admissions office claims applications have risen.

A

Metonymy

37
Q

A systematic aid to memory

A

Mnemonic device

38
Q

Juxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings.

Ex: jumbo shrimp

A

Oxymoron

39
Q

A statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless.

A

Paradox

40
Q

An insertion of material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence.

A

Parenthesis

41
Q

The appeal of a text to the emotions or interests of the audience.

A

Pathos

42
Q

Kenneth Burke’s system fora analyzing motives and actions in communication.

The five points are: act, agent, agency, scene, and purpose.

A

Pentad

43
Q

The substitution of an attributive word or phrase for a proper name, or the use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic.

Ex: that young pop singer thinks she’s a real Madonna doesn’t she?

A

Periphrasis

44
Q

In ancient Roman oratory, the part of speech in which the speaker would draw together the entire argument and include material designed to compel the audience to think or act in a way consonant with the central argument.

A

Peroration

45
Q

The character that a writer if speaker conveys to the audience.

( plural ends in ae)

A

Persona

46
Q

Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects

A

Personification

47
Q

Referring to the moving back and forth from invention to revision in the process if writing.

A

Recursive

48
Q

In ancient Roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker would anticipate objections to the points of being raised and counter them.

A

Refutation

49
Q

The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts, written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation.

A

Rhetoric

50
Q

A type of comparison that uses the word like or as.

A

Simile

51
Q

A writer’s or speaker’s apparent attitude toward the audience.

A

Stance

52
Q

The choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect.

A

Style

53
Q

A part of something used to refer to the whole

Ex: 50 head of cow (50 complete animals)

A

Synecdoche

54
Q

A trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning

Ex: he maintained a business and his innocence.

A

Zeugma

AP English (2 decks)

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