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CSET Subtest 3 > Rhetorical Features > Flashcards

Rhetorical Features Flashcards

1
Q

Part-to-whole

A

Whole is assumed to be like individual parts only larger

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2
Q

Extrapolation

A

Areas beyond the area of focus are assumed to be like the focused-on area

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3
Q

Prediction

A

Future is assumed to be like the past

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4
Q

Syllogism

A

Form of deductive reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

Ex: All the players on the soccer team are “A” students. Patrick is a player on the soccer team. Patrick is an “A” student.

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5
Q

Simple Sentence

A

Independent clause containing subject and verb

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6
Q

Compound Sentence

A

Sentence formed by joining two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction, a semicolon, or a conjunctive verb

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7
Q

Complex Sentence

A

Sentence made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses joined by subordinating conjunction

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8
Q

Compound-Complex Sentence

A

Sentence formed from two to more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses joined by one of a variety of conjunctions and punctuation marks.

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9
Q

Coordinating Conjunction

A

(And, but, or, nor, for, yet, so) joins two simple sentences or independent clauses. If the clauses are closely related, they may be joined with a semicolon.

Ex: I took a chemistry class last summer but I hated it.

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10
Q

Conjunctive Adverb

A

(Indeed, moreover, consequently, however, therefore, nonetheless) join independent clauses

Ex: I hope to have a career as a chemist someday, therefore I will need to study.

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11
Q

Subordinating Conjunction

A

(As, as if, before, because, although, if, since, when, whenever, unless, until, while) join an independent and a dependent clause

Ex: Before I went downstairs, I brushed my teeth.

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12
Q

Clausal Modifier

A

Acts like an adjective or adverb in the structure of a sentence

Ex:
Adjective clause: No one could identify the man who shouted from the opposite rooftop.

Adverb clause: After the game went into extra innings, the crowd began to buzz with anticipation.

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13
Q

Phrasal Modifier

A

Also functions as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence

Ex:
Prepositional phrase as adjective: Hailstones began falling, threatening the windshield of her new truck .

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14
Q

Appositive

A

Noun or noun phrase that renames another noun nearby

Ex: Patrick, the Staples employee, is sad.

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15
Q

Participle

A

Two of the principal parts that every verb has (past, present)

Ex:
Participle as an adjective: A sighing wind added to the chastened mood of the afternoon.

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16
Q

Gerund

A

Present participle employed as a noun

Ex: Winning requires dedication.
Our family loves camping in the summertime.

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17
Q

Verbal Phrase

A

composed of a verbal (a verb that also functions as another part of speech) and all of its modifiers and objects

Can be a participle phrase, a gerund phrase, or an infinitive phrase

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18
Q

Absolute Phrase

A

A word group that modifies an entire sentence and consists of a noun + at least one other word

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19
Q

Concrete Subjects

A

Specific individuals or objects as opposed to generalized people or things

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20
Q

Expletives

A

Two indefinite pronouns (it and there) that often are used as subjects in a vague or weakly constructed sentence.

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21
Q

Transitional Words or Phrases

A

Transitions between ideas

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22
Q

Similarity of Addition Transitions

A

Comparatively, coupled with, correspondingly, identically, likewise, moreover, similarly, in the same way, together with

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23
Q

Contrast Transitions

A

Conversely, instead, on the contrary, rather, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast

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24
Q

Consequence

A

As a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, so then, subsequently, therefore, thus, thereupon, wherefore

25
Q

Example

A

Chiefly, especially, for instance, particularly, in particular, including, such as, specifically

26
Q

Exception

A

Aside from, barring, beside, except, excluding, exclusive of, other than, outside of, save

27
Q

Generalizing

A

As a rule, usually, ordinarily, for the most part

28
Q

Sequence

A

At first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, the next step, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion

29
Q

Summarizing

A

All in all, all things considered, after all, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally

30
Q

Common Noun

A

Word that names a person, place, thing, or idea

31
Q

Proper Noun

A

Names a particular place, person, or thing (capitalized)

32
Q

Pronoun

A

A word (he, it, they, somebody) used in place of a noun that identifies people, places, things, or ideas without renaming them

33
Q

Antecedent

A

the noun that a pronoun replaces

34
Q

Verb

A

A word that expresses action (action verbs) or state of being (linking/helping verbs)

Ex: Action- The girl kicked the ball.
Linking- Herman was late for class.
Helping- Patrick is cooking lunch for us today.

35
Q

Adjective

A

A word that modifies a noun or pronoun and answers questions as What kind? What one? How many?

36
Q

Adverb

A

A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb and answers questions as How? When? Where? How often? To what extent?

37
Q

Preposition

A

Word that expresses a relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence

38
Q

Conjunction

A

Word that connects words or groups of words

39
Q

Infinitive

A

Phrase made up of the word to and the base form of a verb (to love, to decide). It can function as an adjective, adverb, or noun.

40
Q

Interjection

A

A word or phrase that generally expresses strong emotion, such as surprise or delight.

Ex: Incredible!

41
Q

Subject

A

Noun or pronoun that is partnered with an action verb or being verb

42
Q

Predicate

A

Verb that expresses the subject’s action or state of being

43
Q

Direct Object

A

Noun or pronoun that follows a verb and answers the question Whom? or What?

44
Q

Indirect Object

A

Noun or pronoun that follows a verb and answers the question To whom? or for What?

45
Q

Phrase

A

A group of related words that does not have a subject and predicate pair and does not express a complete thought, such as a prepositional phrase or a verbal phrase

46
Q

Clause

A

Group of related words that contains a subject and predicate

Independent clause- expresses a complete thought
Dependent clause- does not

47
Q

Conjunctions for Compounding Sentence Elements

A

The coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, and nor) join subjects, predicates, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, and dependent clauses within a process called compounding

48
Q

Declarative Sentence

A

Makes a statement and ends with a period

49
Q

Interrogative Sentence

A

Asks a question and ends with a question mark

50
Q

Exclamatory Sentence

A

Expresses strong emotion and often ends with an exclamation point

51
Q

Imperative Sentence

A

Gives an order or makes a request

52
Q

Parallel Structure

A

Sentence elements that are alike in function should also be alike in construction

53
Q

Clear Pronoun Reference

A

Each pronoun in a sentence refers clearly and unmistakably to one particular noun

Ex: While getting the dish out of the washer, Patrick broke it. (unclear = bad)

54
Q

Appropriate Verb Tense

A

Writer indicates whether the action occurred in the past, present, or future and stays consistent with the appropriate verb tense

55
Q

Subject/verb Agreement

A

Subject and verb must agree in number

56
Q

Pronoun Agreement

A

A pronoun agrees in person, number, and gender with its antecedent

57
Q

Idiom

A

Phrase that mean something different than the meaning of the individual words would indicate

Ex: Turned a blind eye
Bear down

58
Q

Intonation

A

Stress places on different words in a sentence depending on its meaning

CSET Subtest 3 (4 decks)

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