Rhetorical Education and Rhetoric Situation Flashcards
Speech and reading in the family, literature, philosophy, and sciences were all dialogues that were what type of educaiton
pre-rhetorical
Psychology, ethics, rhetorical theory/criticism/history are all considered
advanced rhetorical training
What is rhetorical situation
when eloquent communication is well adapted to it’s situation
The three part rhetorical situation triangle from bottom to top
Bottom: Rhetorical Situation
Middle: Artifacts, rhetorical appeals
Top: Response of audience
Appeals may have various desired responses from the
target audience
3 Necessary components for achievement of aims
1: Appeals must have various desired responses in the target audience
2: If they are clear, logical and well designed
3: If they adapt well to aspects of their rhetorical situation
8 Elements of a Situation
- Reputation/Prior Ethos
- Shaping Influences
- Audience
- Forum
- Genre
- Occasion
- Kairos (adapted)
- Kairos (created)
What the audience knows about the rhetor before the communication act
Reputation/Prior Ethos
The audience may not know this as it is often due to societal and cultural frameworks
Shaping Influences
Role in relation to rhetoric and communicatione act, sectioned into identity groups
audience
The location/medium of rhetorical act
Forum
familiar types/kinds of communication
Genre
Common situations such as weddings, businesses, meetings
Occasion
saying the right thing at the right external time
kairos (adapted)
inventing a new occasion and swiftly responding to changing situation during communication
kairos (created)
Claim > Data > Analysis
Deductive Reasoning
Data > Analysis > Conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
Deduction
Instructive and persuasive genres
Induction
Creative genres. The research process. Dialectical logic.
Syllogism
Complete argument of claim, data and warrant
Enthymeme
Informal argument missing one of three parts. Assumed or supplied by the audience
Who devoted their work to the analysis of moral reasoning and sought to develop practical arguments?
Stephen Toulmin
The three main elements of the Toulmin model of argument is
- Claim
- Data
- Warrant
The 4 optional elements of argument in Toulmin’s model are
- Qualities
- Exception
- Anticipated Rebuttle
- Backing
From whom?
Rhetor
To whom?
audience
Where will you say it?
Forum
How will you say it?
Genre
When are such things usually said?
Occasion
Why now?
Kairos
Three types of genres
- Deliberative
- Forensic
- Epideictic
Another word for deliberative
political
another word for forensic
judicial
another word for epideictic
ceremonial
Deliberative
making decisions for future action
Forensic
evaluating and judging based on evidence of the past
Epideictic
praising, blaming people, virtue/vices in the present
Carolyn Miller believed
genre is a social act, not a form
Genre is shaped by
all aspects of a rhetorical situation