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Rhetorical devices Flashcards

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1
Q

concrete nouns

A

definable noun - physical things

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2
Q

abstract nouns

A

cannot appeal to the 5 senses

ex: love

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3
Q

rhetoric

A

technique of using language effectively and persuasively in speaking/writing

author, audience, text, setting

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4
Q

voice

A

the unique personality of a text

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5
Q

thesis

A

statement in a work that a writer intends to support/prove

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6
Q

extended metaphor

A

hidden comparison that continues throughout a series of sentences/longer piece/poem

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7
Q

connotation

A

tone/feel of a wordtat

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8
Q

denotation

A

definition/meaning of a word

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9
Q

conflict

A

struggle between 2 opposing forces in text

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10
Q

Aristotelian triangle

A

Aristotle’s idea that all communication is trilateral

Pathos, ethos, logos

audience: pathos
speaker: ethos

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11
Q

ethos

A

appeal to authority/honesty, presenter’s credibility

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12
Q

pathos

A

appeal to emotions of audience: fear, imagination, hopes

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13
Q

logos

A

logical appeal: data

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14
Q

analogy

A

comparison in which an idea or thing is compared to another thing that is quite different

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15
Q

anecdote

A

short story/event proposed to support or demo some point

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16
Q

mood/atmosphere

A

what tone CREATES

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17
Q

allegory

A

abstract ideas or principles are described terms of characters, figures, events

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18
Q

ambiguity

A

word, phrase, statement that has more than one meaning/interpretation

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19
Q

prose

A

type of writing that is close to everyday speech patterns and language

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20
Q

ad hominen

A

personal attack

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21
Q

polemic

A

written or verbal attack on something

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22
Q

allusion

A

brief or indirect references

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23
Q

archetype

A

typical character, action, situation that seems to represent universal patterns of human nature

ex: the mentor

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24
Q

paradox

A

a statement that appears to be self-contradicting but may include a truth

ex: to prepare for peace we must prepare for war

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25
hyperbole
exaggeration
26
exposition
used to introduced bg info about events, characters, setting
27
synecdoche
parts of something that represents the whole ex: "the suits" = boss
28
motif
object or idea that rep itself throughout a literary work
29
oxymoron
2 opposite ideas are joined to create an effect
30
onomatopoeia
a word that imitates the natural sound of a thing
31
trope
reoccurring theme
32
conceit
when 2 vastly different object are likened together with similes/metaphors
33
inventive
speech or writing that attacks/insults --> character of a polemic
34
sarcasm
verbal irony WITH malicious intent
35
satire
to expose or criticize foolishness and corruption using humor, exaggeration, irony, or ridicule
36
euphemism
terms to replace harsh and impolite words
37
parody
imitations of a particular writer, artist, genre; exaggerated for comedic effect
38
dramatic irony
characters within a story are unaware of a situation, but audience is aware ex: Truman show
39
situational irony
when something happens to someone that is contradictory to expectations ex: karma
40
verbal irony
what one said is the opposite of what one means
41
regionalism
linguistic feature peculiar to a particular region apart of the standard language
42
hamartia
tragic flaw
43
apostrophe
when writer or speaker addresses an object or imaginary being
44
parallelism
use of components in a sentence match grammatically
45
parable
figure of speech that presents a short story with a moral story at the end ex: boy who cried wolf
46
rhetorical question
asked for effect: no real answer exist or expected
47
in media res
starts in the middle of action
48
expletive
grammatical construction that starts w/ words like "it, here, there" etc
49
jargon
use of specific phrases and words by writers in situations
50
epigraph
literary device in the form of a poem, quotation, or sentence at the beginning of a document/novel ex: in TTTC
51
epitaph
writing on grave
52
explication
making something clearer
53
oversimplification
an explanation that excludes important info for brevity
54
generalization
general statement/concept obtained by inference from specific cases
55
understateent
intentionally make situation seem less than
56
zeugma
blending grammar and logic ex: he opened his mind and his wallet
57
isocolon
succession of sentences, phrases, clauses of grammatically equal lengtha
58
anadipolis
repetition of a word/words in successive clauses so the 2nd clause starts w/ the 1st clause's ending ex: when I give, I give myself
59
chiasmas
2+ clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect
60
antimetabole
phrase is repeated but with the order of words reversed ex: all for one & one for all
61
metonymy
replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else w/ a closely related meaning ex: pen = writing: the pen is mightier than the sword
62
straw man fallacy
refuting opponent's argument, while refuting an argument that was literally not the correct one
63
antithesis
2 opposite ideas are put together to achieve contrast ex: speech is silver, but silence is gold
64
syllogism
conclusion is drawn from 2 given or assumed propositions, each shares a term with the conclusion and a common middle term not present in the conclusion ex: all dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs
65
litotes
understatement by using double negatives OR positive statements expressed by negating its opposite ex: she is not a beauty queen
66
Inference
logical deductions are made based on premises assumed to be true
67
begging the question
logical fallacy where speaker assumes the statement under exam to be true
68
anaphora
repetition of the 1st part of the sentence
69
epistrophe
same word returns at the end of each sentence
70
induction
conclusion derived from facts and instances for a general opinion --> facts are true but conclusion could be false bottom up
71
deduction
derived from general premises or statements which lead to a certain result top down
72
apotheosis
highest point in development of something - climax
73
anagram
rearranging letters of a word or phrase to produce a new word
74
deus ex machina
seemingly unsolvable problem is suddenly resolved
75
catharsis
purging of emotions and thoughts to release
76
spoonerism
error in speech where you switch consonants, vowels between two words ex: Duke Lerome (Luke Derome)
77
mondegreen
mishearing or misinterpretation of a phrase as a result of near-harmony
78
enumeratio
listing or detailing to prove something
79
epanalepsis
same word @beginng and end for emphasis ex: nothing is worse than doing nothing
80
Antanaclasis
word or phrase is repeated within a sentence, but with a different meaning each time ex: we must all hang together, or assuredly we shall be hang separately
81
Metalepsis
a figurative word or phrase is used in a new context to create a more complex and layered meaning; a metonymy of a metonymy ex: I've got to catch the worm tomorrow (early bird catches the worm)
82
Conundrum
puzzling or difficult question or problem, involving a play on words, used to engage the audience or highlight a complex issue ex: a politician using a series of rhetorical questions about the economy, creating a conundrum for the people about how to navigate a complex financial situation

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