Grammar Flashcards
subject
what the sentence is about; mainly nouns
ex: THE CHILD threw the ball
predicate
what the subject is doing/what it is
*sentence req a predicate, phrase does not
ex: the child THREW THE BALL
noun phrase
a group of words that function as a noun
ex: my mother’s daughter
verb phrase
a group of words that function as a verb
ex: had been playing
prepositional phrase
a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase
ex: In 2008, Jessie Kang was born
preposition
connector word that shows direction after a noun
ex: on, after
infinitive phrase
begins with “to”
ex: to sleep, to resist
participial phrase
begins with a participle as an ADJ
ex: REMOVING HIS COAT, Jack rushed to the river.
clause
cluster of words with a subject and predicate
independent clause
could stand alone in a sentence
dependent clause
cannot stand alone in a sentence
simple sentence
1 independent clause
compound sentence
2 independence clause joined by coordinating conjunction (Fanboy), conjunctive adverb, or semicolon
FANBOY
for, and, nor, but, yet
conjunctive adverb
however, therefore, etc
complex sentence
1 dependent clause headed by a subordinating conjunction or a relative noun + 1 independent clause
subordinating conjunctions
although, because, etc.
relative pronoun
who, whom, what, which
compound-complex sentences
2 independent (compound) + 1 dependent clause
periodic sentence
complex sentence where mends with main clause
