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AP Language > Rhetoric Terms > Flashcards

Rhetoric Terms Flashcards

1
Q

accismus

A

feigned refusal of something desired

“oh you shouldn’t have”

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2
Q

(argumentum) ad hominem fallacy

A

attacking character

is fallacy when disregarding content of an argument

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3
Q

advantageous

A

best for everyone

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4
Q

all natural (appeal to nature) fallacy

A

Fallacy of association;
N is natural; N is good/right

U is unnatural; U is bad/wrong

Saturated fat is natural, but it is not necessarily good.

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5
Q

amplification

A

the act/method of extending thoughts for rhetorical effect

1 emphasizes
2 increases impact
3 make most of a situation/thought

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6
Q

anadiplosis

A

repetition of the last word(s) of phrase at the beginning of the next

“Sense is beaten into people by unhappiness, and that takes time, and time disfigures you.”

eloquence, chiasmus= anadiplosis, but anadiplosis doesn’t always reverse as a chiasmus does

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7
Q

anaphora

A

repeats first word in succeeding phrases

I have a dream…

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8
Q

anecdote

A

short account of event, light story

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9
Q

antithesis

A

contrasting ideas

in use, an intentional juxtaposition

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10
Q

appeal to popularity (argumentum ad populum)

A

states that because many believe/do something, it is true/good

“If it’s on the internet it must be true”]

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11
Q

Aristotelian mean

A

sweet spot; neither left or rightist; grey; non extreme

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12
Q

asyndeton

A

omission of conjunction

creates hurried rhythm

“he was a bag of bones, a floppy doll, a broken stick, a maniac”

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13
Q

chiasmus

A

Crisscross figure;

“Ask not what your country can do for you[…]”

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14
Q

cliché twist

A

Form of wit, plays on words of common saying

It was a dark and sarcastic night

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15
Q

code grooming

A

using language unique to audience

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16
Q

commonplace

A

simplified public opinion of audience

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17
Q

compassion

A

? pity for misfortune of audience

care for audience

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18
Q

concession

A

conceding to benefit from opponent’s argument

part of rebuttal or gains ethos/sweet spot

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19
Q

decorous

A

satisfying social standards/propriety

in good taste/propriety

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20
Q

decorum

A

ability to fit in with audience’s expectations of reliability

propriety of character

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21
Q

deductive logic (repeated)

A

general to specific reasoning

upsidedown triangle

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22
Q

deliberative

A

argument 4 future over choices

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23
Q

dialectic

A

purely logical debate

avoids fallacies; rhetoric doesn’t

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24
Q

diaogismus

A

dialogue figure

a quote, or conversation

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25
Q

dirimens copulatio

A

balances a contrasting idea with another

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26
Q

dubitatio

A

expression of doubt

typically of ability to speak effectively; modesty

ex Anthony’s funeral speech for Caesar

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27
Q

eddie Haskell Ploy

A

enhanced virtue through support of the inevitable

‘virtuous’ support of the inevitable

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28
Q

emulation

A

emotional response to role model

Greater ethos, more the audience imitates you

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29
Q

enthymeme

A

rhetorical syllogism with an unstated assumption

Deduction that leaves out formal order of premises, regardless of truthfulness

“Socrates is mortal because he is human”;
All humans are mortal.
Socrates is human.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

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30
Q

epergesis

A

a correction, often clarifies something just said; self-correction

ethos tactic

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31
Q

ethos

A

argument by character/reputation

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32
Q

exordium

A

introduction

intro should be humble, decorous, and effective

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33
Q

fallacy

A

mistaken belief, unsound argument

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34
Q

fallacy of antecedent

A

assumes this moment is identical to previous similar moments

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35
Q

fallacy of Ignorance

A

if not proven, is false; no proof, false

I can’t see angels; they don’t exist.

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36
Q

false choice, false dichotomy, or false dilemma

A

offers audience two choices when more exist

inaccurate display of choices

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37
Q

false comparison/analogy

A

similar so must be same

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38
Q

false dilemma, false dichotomy, or false choice

A

offers audience two choices when more exist

inaccurate display of choices

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39
Q

figure of speech

A

expressive use of language for special effect

40
Q

forensic

A

argument 4 past over past actions

justice

41
Q

framing

A

shapes the bounds of an argument

42
Q

goodwill

A

doing the advantageous; keeping audience in mind

the halo: simplify issue & find overlap with audience’s values

43
Q

harangue

A

? a lengthy and agressive speech

? ideally avoided..

44
Q

hasty/glittering generalization

A

too few examples interpreted too broadly

45
Q

humor

A

calming device, may enhance ethos

46
Q

identity strategy

A

having audience identify with action; a choice that defines the group

I’ll donate to a homeless puppy shelter because I am a good person

47
Q

idiom

A

inseparable words that together mean something

48
Q

induction

A

use of inductive logic

49
Q

inductive logic

A

specific to general point reasoning

example to truth

50
Q

innuendo

A

debasing irony that plants an idea by denying it

51
Q

invention (inventio)

A

first stage in the development of an effective argument

1st of 5 canons of rhetoric

52
Q

inversion

A

reverses syntactical order for effect

shouts the policeman,

53
Q

irony

A

saying one thing to outsiders something taken differently to insiders

54
Q

kairos

A

timeliness/timing

55
Q

litote

A

understatement

56
Q

logic-free values

A

focuses on individual values and commonplaces

unifies group and gets it to identify with you

57
Q

logical fallacy

A

logically unsound

58
Q

logos (repeated once)

A

argument by logic

59
Q

metonymy

A

switching of related nouns; related to metaphors

bottle for strong drink, scepter for sovereignty

60
Q

minor premise

A

second part of a syllogism, typically supporting a former premise

in an enthymeme, goes unstated

61
Q

misinterpreting the evidence

A

claiming the exception is the rule

62
Q

narrative

A

story, often descriptive, activates pathos

63
Q

neologism

A

newly minted word; made-up; poetic license

64
Q

opinion switch

A

appearing to have supported the powers that be all along

65
Q

paradigm

A

rule that arises from a set of examples; sort of induction

maples changing color; it must be fall

66
Q

pathos

A

argument by emotion

67
Q

periphrasis

A

circumlocution, vagueness by verbosity

beating around the bush

68
Q

phronesis

A

practical wisdom

69
Q

polysyndeton

A

repetition of conjunction

The bad news caused him to weep and cry and wail

rhythm and emphasis

70
Q

post hoc ergo propter hoc

A

error of causation

a precedes b; a caused b

71
Q

premise

A

a statement from which another is deduced or conclusion is based

72
Q

proof

A

argument/evidence serving as an indicator of truth

73
Q

ramification

A

a consequence

74
Q

receptive

A

for speaker: open-minded, not dogmatic; disinterest tactic

audience: keep them receptive and open-minded (not ie angry, where they shutoff to compromise)

75
Q

red herring fallacy

A

confusing/distracting irrelevance

introduces an irrelevant issue to confuse/distract audience

76
Q

redefinition

A

controlling the language used in an argument

77
Q

reductio ad absurdum

A

reduction to absurdity

highly improbable circumstance

78
Q

refutation

A

disproof

of premise, conclusion, argument

79
Q

relevance

A

relatability to claims in argument

80
Q

reluctant conclusion

A

disinterest tactic, appearing to reach conclusion solely because of overwhelming rightness

81
Q

rhetoric

A

the art of oratory and effective language

the art of persuasion

82
Q

rhetorical question

A

question used to express a point, usually unanswered or answered by the speaker

83
Q

simple speech

A

avoid fancy language when getting emotional

84
Q

slippery slope fallacy

A

exaggerated consequence

dire result from event

85
Q

stability

A

??? ethos tactic? firm argument? Use of voice?

TYFA references stability for voice control, (my memory is fallible) ie maintaining stamina by not straining your voice

86
Q

staircase wit

A

thinking of a perfect reply too late

87
Q

style

A

deliverance making speech attractive to listener

88
Q

syllogism

A

conclusion from a necessary succession of premises

formal logic

All humans are mortal
Socrates is human
Therefore Socrates is mortal

89
Q

synecdoche

A

figure of speech, part made to represent whole or vice versa

Cleveland won, (his baseball team)

90
Q

tautology

A

redundancy in word meaning

widow woman
baby kitten

91
Q

tense(s)

A

past present or future; indicates time of occurence

92
Q

unit fallacy

A

erroneous math often confusing a part for a whole

misinterpretation of statistic

93
Q

volume

A

underplay or gradually increase an emotion; heightened pathos effect

94
Q

strawman fallacy

A

sets up an issue easier to argue

attacks an irrelevance

95
Q

argumentum ad baculum

A

coercion; appeal to force; threat

also, fallacy;
if a accepts b then c
c undesirable

“If you (a) don’t believe in god(b) you will burn in hell(c)”

96
Q

argument

A

composition intended to persuade

97
Q

arete

A

greek for moral virtue

AP Language (2 decks)

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