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4th Year > RHCN > Flashcards

RHCN Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of neonatal brain injury

A

Traumatic injury
Hypoglycemia
Hyperbilirubinemia
Infection

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2
Q

What area of the brain is first to be affected by hypoxia?

A

Basal ganglia and thalsmus

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3
Q

Treatment of neonatal hypoxoa

A

Brain cooling

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4
Q

When is intraventricular haemorrhage commonly seen?

A

Before 32 weeks

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5
Q

Where is the haemorrhage in preterm birth?

A

Subependymal haemorrhage in the Germinal matrix

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6
Q

Treatment of ventricular hemorrhage

A

Shunt

DRIFT - WASH out ventricles

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7
Q

What is periventricular leucomalacia and what does it result in?

A

White matter damage in preterm birth

Causes spastic dyplegia

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8
Q

What reduces the risk of periventricular leucomalacia

A

Prenatal MgSO4

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9
Q

What Igs are in breast milk

A

IgA+G

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10
Q

How does colostrum aid development

A

Makes gut less permeable

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11
Q

Downs syndrome + green vomit

A

Pyloric sphincter atresia

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12
Q

Neonatal encephalopathy

A

Perinatal asphyxia

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13
Q

Rash from being born

A

Spares palms and soles

Erythema toxicum

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14
Q

Barlow manouver

A

Push back to see if the hip clunks out

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15
Q

Ortolani manouver

A

Rotate out to see if you can feel the hip clunks back in

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16
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Subperiosteal hemorrhage

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16
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Subperiosteal hemorrhage that does not cross sutures

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17
Q

Kernicterus

A

Jaundice

Bilirubin crosses BBB and causes cerebral palsy

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18
Q

Baby with white stools and dark urine

A

Biliary atresia

Treat before 8 weeks

19
Q

Right shift in Hb dissociation curve

A

Release
Deoxygenated
Higher 2,3-dpG

20
Q

HbF

2,3-dpb

A

Gamma chain has lower affinity for 2,3-dpg

21
Q

Antimicrobial proteins and peptides in amniotic fluid

A

FLA2, DEFENSINS, lactoferrin, BPI, histones

22
Q

Neonatal meningitis

A

GBS
E.coli
Listeria

23
Q

Intramural gas

A

Necrotising enterocolitis

24
Q

Surfactant production

A

24 weeks

From canalicular to saccular phase

25
Q

Prevention of retinopathy of prematurity

A

Keep sats <95%

26
Q

CXR - opaque, ground glass appearance

A

RDS

28
Q

CXR - coarse streaks and blur along lung fissures

A

Tachypnea

29
Q

Paediatric tachypnea

A

> 60 breaths/ minute

30
Q

Risk factor for neonatal pneumonia

A

prolonged rupture of membranes

GBS sepsis

31
Q

Management of neonates with respiratory problems

A

stop feeds (puts pressure on lungs)

32
Q

What does meconium aspiration cause?

A

mechanical obstruction, chemical pneumonitis, surfactant inactivation

33
Q

CXR - hyperinflation with coarse streaking and patchy consolidation

A

meconium aspiration

34
Q

check for in neonatal meconium aspiration

A

pneumothorax

35
Q

typical female pelvis

A

gynecoid

36
Q

preferred rotation for foetal head during delivery

A

occipito-posterior

facing the anus

37
Q

Sciatic nerve innervation

A

L4-S3

38
Q

Peudendal innervation

A

anterior devision of S2-4

39
Q

Gravidity

A

number of times a woman has been pregnant

40
Q

Parity

A

number of babies born beyond 24 weeks regardless on life status

41
Q

Fundal height at 20 weeks

A

at umbilicus

42
Q

Latent phase of labour

A

up to 4cm dilated, irregular tightening, cervix effacement and thinning

43
Q

First stage of labour

A

4-10 cm dilated, regular contractions

44
Q

Active second stage

A

pushing, baby born

will feel like they need to push

45
Q

Third stage

A

delivery of placenta and membranes

46
Q

Medication in third stage

A

IM syntocinon

47
Q

In twins what is shared first?

A

Food first - placenta

4th Year (4 decks)

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