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4th Year > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

levadopa s.es

A

Peripheral neuropathy

Arrhythmia, chorea, abnormal dreams, orthostatic hypotension, on-off phenomenon

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2
Q

Dopamine agonists side effects

A

impulse control disorders, constipation, postural hypotension, dyskinesia, hallucination, somolence, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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3
Q

Dopamine agonists

A

Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Pramipexole, Ropinerole

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4
Q

COMT inhibitors

A

Tolcapone (central), Ertacapone (peripheral)

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5
Q

MAO-B inhibitors

A

Rasagiline selegiline

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6
Q

COMT inhibitors s.e.

A

Liver failure
abdominal pain, constipation, dyskinesia, fatigue, hallucinations, vivid dreams
Red-brown urine, skin hair and nail discolouration

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7
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Can’t have with CKD

GI irritation and oesophagitiis

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8
Q

MAO-B inhibitors s.es

A

arthralgia, bradycardia, MI, dyspepsia, blurred vision, postural hypotension, SVT

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9
Q

Amantadine side effects

A

Ataxia

Livedo reticularis

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10
Q

Aspirin overdose

A

Tinnitus and dizziness

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11
Q

Tricyclic side effects

A

Arrhythmias causing syncope

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12
Q

phenytoin in the elderly s.es

A

osteoporosis and increase fracture risk

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13
Q

Metoclopramide s.e.

A

occular/ general atonia

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14
Q

amytryptaline s.e

A

worse in elderly

decreases kidney function, peripheral neuropathy, antimuscarinic effects

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15
Q

Ca2+ channel blockers s.e

A

Constipation, decrease detrusor contraction

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16
Q

Donepazil

A

bradycardia, heart block, diarrhoea

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17
Q

Fentanyl/ oxycodone

A

for the renally impaired

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18
Q

Phenothiaxines

A

cause NMS in lewy body dementia

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19
Q

Lithium side effects

A

Diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, seizures, renal failure

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20
Q

Lamotrigine side effects

A

Blurred vision

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21
Q

Carbamazepine side effects

A

Skin rash, leukopaeniia, AV block, aplastic anaemia

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22
Q

Valproic acid side effects

A

GI, tremor, sedation, alopecia, pancreatitis

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23
Q

Valproic acid contraindications

A

Hepatic disease

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24
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI

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25
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

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26
Q

SSRI side effects

A

sexual side effects, GI distress, agitation, insomnia, tremor, diarrhoea, hyponatremia in the elderly

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27
Q

SSRI to avoid in pregnancy and why

A

Paroxetine - cardiac defects, and pulmonary hypertension in the foetus

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28
Q

Atypical antidepressants

A

Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone

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29
Q

Bupropion contraindication

A

Epilepsy - decreases seizure threshold

Eating disorders - weight loss

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30
Q

Mirtazapine side effects

A

weight gain, sedation, NO libido change

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31
Q

SNRIs

A

venlafaxine, duloxetine

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32
Q

Venlafaxine side effects

A

diastolic hypertension

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33
Q

Clomipramine

A

TCA

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34
Q

nortriptyline

A

TCA

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35
Q

OCD Rx

A

Clomipramine

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36
Q

TCA side effects

A

sedation, weight gain, dry mouth, tachy, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension

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37
Q

Rx TCA OD

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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38
Q

MAOIs

A

phenelzine, tranylcycpromine, selegiline

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39
Q

MAOI side effects

A

sexual side effects, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, hypertensive crisis

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40
Q

Fingernail hypoplasia

A

carbamazepine, phenytoin

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41
Q

streptomycin teratogenicity

A

hearing loss, CN VIII damage

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42
Q

Trimethadione teratogenicity

A

cleft lip/ palate, cardiac defects

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43
Q

valproic acid teratogenicity

A

craniofacial defects, neural tube defects

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44
Q

Vitamin A teratogenicity

A

thymic agenesis, craniofacial dysmorphism, microphthalmia, cleft lip/ palate, mental retardation

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45
Q

nasal hypoplasia and stippled bone epiphyses

A

Warfarin use in pregnancy

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46
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

IM injection

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47
Q

Depo injection side effects

A

Reversible decrease in BMD

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48
Q

Antiandrogens

A

finasteride, spironolactone

49
Q

flushing, nausea, emesis

A

disulfarim like reaction from drinking alcohol whilst on metronidazole

50
Q

Leuprolide mechanism and use

A

GnRH analog use for central precocious puberty

51
Q

procyclidine

A

anticholinergic, acute dystonia

52
Q

oxazepam

A

alcohol withdrawal with liver damage

53
Q

side effects of methadone

A

can cause QTc prolongation

54
Q

Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis, Myocarditis, Cardiomyopathy, Pulmonary embolism, Sexual side effects, Weight gain, Constipation

55
Q

INR when P450 is inhibited

A

Increase INR, increase bleeding

56
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in epilepsy

A

Quinolones - ciprofloxacin

Lower seizure threshold

57
Q

Pioglitazone side effect

A

Increased risk of fractures, weight gain, fluid retention, liver dysfunction

58
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

Orange bodily fluids, rash, hepatotoxicity, drug interactions

59
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

Peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, hepatotoxicity

60
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects

A

Arthralgia, gout, hepatotoxicity, nausea

61
Q

Ethambutol side effects

A

Optic neuritis, rash

62
Q

Ca channel blocker side effect

A 
Peripheral oedema (Change to indapamide)
Headache, flushing, ankle oedema
63
Q

unfractionated heparin

A

requires APTT monitoring

64
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in renal failure

A

tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin

65
Q

Drugs implicated in serotonin syndrome

A

Any of These Treatments Love Myoclonus

Antidepressants, Ondansetron, Triptans, Tramadol, Linezolid, Meperidine

66
Q

Antipsychotic associated with cataracts

A

Quetiapine

67
Q

Fluoxetine use in 3rd trimester

A

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

68
Q

Can’t have X with clarythromycin

A

Statins!

69
Q

Ciprofloxacin s.e.

A

Reduces seizure threshold, tendonitis

70
Q

Tetrabenazine Rx use

A

Tardive dyskinesia

71
Q

Acute dystonia Rx

A

Procyclidine, benztropine

72
Q

Prazosin use in psychiatry

A

alpha 1 blocker, used for PTSD nightmares

73
Q

Drug induced depression

A

antihypertensives, steroids, OCP

74
Q

Venlafaxine s.e.

A

Diastolic hypertension

75
Q

Cyclizine s.e.

A

tachyarrhythmias

76
Q

diclofenac s.e.

A

porphyria

77
Q

don’t give cyclizine to

A

people with heart failure

78
Q

memantine mechanism

A

partial NMDA receptor antagonist

79
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia

A

donepizil, galantamine, rivastigmine

80
Q

Rx akathesia

A

B blockers, mirtazapine, benzodiazapines

81
Q

Erythromycin s.e.

A

GI upset, prolongs QT interval

82
Q

Flucloxacillin s.e.

A

Cholestasis

83
Q

Doxasosin s.e.

A

postural hypotension

84
Q

Thiazides s.e.

A

Gout, hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, impaired glucose tolerance

85
Q

Precipitates digoxin toxicity

A

Low Mg + K (fghij…KLM..nop)

High Na + Ca (CaHN)

86
Q

Arterial injection propofol

A

hyperaemia, distal blanching

87
Q

Arterial atracurium

A

ischaemia

88
Q

Arterial ketamine

A

necrosis

89
Q

Arterial phyentoin/ thiopental

A

ischaemia, necrosis, death

90
Q

Cyclizine mechanism of action

A

H1 antagonist

91
Q

Prochlorperazine mechainsm

A

D2 antagonist

92
Q

mild steroid

A

hydrocortisone

93
Q

moderate steroid

A

betnovate

94
Q

potent steroid

A

beclometasone

95
Q

very potent

A

dermovate

96
Q

necrobiosis lipoidica

A

Diabetes

97
Q

misoprostol

A

Synthetic prostaglandin analogue

98
Q

high bicarb

A

metabolic alkalosis

99
Q

low bicarb

A

metabolic acidosis

100
Q

high CO2

A

respiratory acidosis

101
Q

low CO2

A

respiratory alkalosis

102
Q

Clonazepam should be avoided

A

in renal failure

103
Q

increases glucose uptake, decreases GNG

A

metformin

104
Q

closes K+ channel, releases insulin

A

Sulfonureas (gliclizide)

105
Q

Binds PPAR-y, increases inulin sensitivity

A

Glitazones

106
Q

Binds K+ channel, releases insulin

A

Natglinide

107
Q

side effects sulfonureas + meglinides

A

weight gain, hypos, SIADH, cholestatic liver dysfunction

108
Q

metformin side effects

A

weight loss

109
Q

pioglitazone side effects

A

hepatotoxicity

110
Q

GLP-1 analogs

A

increase insulin release, decrease gastric emptying

111
Q

Linagliptin

A

stop GLP-1 inactivation

112
Q

pramlintide

A

decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon

113
Q

canagliflozin

A

blocks PCT reabsorption

114
Q

acarbose

A

inhibits alpha glucosidase at the brush border

115
Q

Don’t give rotavirus vaccine

A

History of intussception

116
Q

Vaccines to avoid with egg allergy

A

MMR, influenza, yellow fever

117
Q

Don’t give pertussis vaccine if

A

Encephalopathy within the last 7 days

118
Q

Sertraline + aspirin

A

Give lanzoprazole for gastric protection

119
Q

Gliptins side effects

A

Pancreatitis

4th Year (4 decks)

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