Drugs Flashcards
levadopa s.es
Peripheral neuropathy
Arrhythmia, chorea, abnormal dreams, orthostatic hypotension, on-off phenomenon
Dopamine agonists side effects
impulse control disorders, constipation, postural hypotension, dyskinesia, hallucination, somolence, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Dopamine agonists
Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Pramipexole, Ropinerole
COMT inhibitors
Tolcapone (central), Ertacapone (peripheral)
MAO-B inhibitors
Rasagiline selegiline
COMT inhibitors s.e.
Liver failure
abdominal pain, constipation, dyskinesia, fatigue, hallucinations, vivid dreams
Red-brown urine, skin hair and nail discolouration
Bisphosphonates
Can’t have with CKD
GI irritation and oesophagitiis
MAO-B inhibitors s.es
arthralgia, bradycardia, MI, dyspepsia, blurred vision, postural hypotension, SVT
Amantadine side effects
Ataxia
Livedo reticularis
Aspirin overdose
Tinnitus and dizziness
Tricyclic side effects
Arrhythmias causing syncope
phenytoin in the elderly s.es
osteoporosis and increase fracture risk
Metoclopramide s.e.
occular/ general atonia
amytryptaline s.e
worse in elderly
decreases kidney function, peripheral neuropathy, antimuscarinic effects
Ca2+ channel blockers s.e
Constipation, decrease detrusor contraction
Donepazil
bradycardia, heart block, diarrhoea
Fentanyl/ oxycodone
for the renally impaired
Phenothiaxines
cause NMS in lewy body dementia
Lithium side effects
Diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, seizures, renal failure
Lamotrigine side effects
Blurred vision
Carbamazepine side effects
Skin rash, leukopaeniia, AV block, aplastic anaemia
Valproic acid side effects
GI, tremor, sedation, alopecia, pancreatitis
Valproic acid contraindications
Hepatic disease
Paroxetine
SSRI
Citalopram
SSRI
SSRI side effects
sexual side effects, GI distress, agitation, insomnia, tremor, diarrhoea, hyponatremia in the elderly
SSRI to avoid in pregnancy and why
Paroxetine - cardiac defects, and pulmonary hypertension in the foetus
Atypical antidepressants
Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone
Bupropion contraindication
Epilepsy - decreases seizure threshold
Eating disorders - weight loss
Mirtazapine side effects
weight gain, sedation, NO libido change
SNRIs
venlafaxine, duloxetine
Venlafaxine side effects
diastolic hypertension
Clomipramine
TCA
nortriptyline
TCA
OCD Rx
Clomipramine
TCA side effects
sedation, weight gain, dry mouth, tachy, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension
Rx TCA OD
Sodium bicarbonate
MAOIs
phenelzine, tranylcycpromine, selegiline
MAOI side effects
sexual side effects, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, hypertensive crisis
Fingernail hypoplasia
carbamazepine, phenytoin
streptomycin teratogenicity
hearing loss, CN VIII damage
Trimethadione teratogenicity
cleft lip/ palate, cardiac defects
valproic acid teratogenicity
craniofacial defects, neural tube defects
Vitamin A teratogenicity
thymic agenesis, craniofacial dysmorphism, microphthalmia, cleft lip/ palate, mental retardation
nasal hypoplasia and stippled bone epiphyses
Warfarin use in pregnancy
medroxyprogesterone
IM injection
Depo injection side effects
Reversible decrease in BMD
Antiandrogens
finasteride, spironolactone
flushing, nausea, emesis
disulfarim like reaction from drinking alcohol whilst on metronidazole
Leuprolide mechanism and use
GnRH analog use for central precocious puberty
procyclidine
anticholinergic, acute dystonia
oxazepam
alcohol withdrawal with liver damage
side effects of methadone
can cause QTc prolongation
Clozapine
Agranulocytosis, Myocarditis, Cardiomyopathy, Pulmonary embolism, Sexual side effects, Weight gain, Constipation
INR when P450 is inhibited
Increase INR, increase bleeding
Antibiotics to avoid in epilepsy
Quinolones - ciprofloxacin
Lower seizure threshold
Pioglitazone side effect
Increased risk of fractures, weight gain, fluid retention, liver dysfunction
Rifampicin side effects
Orange bodily fluids, rash, hepatotoxicity, drug interactions
Isoniazid side effects
Peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, hepatotoxicity
Pyrazinamide side effects
Arthralgia, gout, hepatotoxicity, nausea
Ethambutol side effects
Optic neuritis, rash
Ca channel blocker side effect
Peripheral oedema (Change to indapamide) Headache, flushing, ankle oedema
unfractionated heparin
requires APTT monitoring
Antibiotics to avoid in renal failure
tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin
Drugs implicated in serotonin syndrome
Any of These Treatments Love Myoclonus
Antidepressants, Ondansetron, Triptans, Tramadol, Linezolid, Meperidine
Antipsychotic associated with cataracts
Quetiapine
Fluoxetine use in 3rd trimester
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Can’t have X with clarythromycin
Statins!
Ciprofloxacin s.e.
Reduces seizure threshold, tendonitis
Tetrabenazine Rx use
Tardive dyskinesia
Acute dystonia Rx
Procyclidine, benztropine
Prazosin use in psychiatry
alpha 1 blocker, used for PTSD nightmares
Drug induced depression
antihypertensives, steroids, OCP
Venlafaxine s.e.
Diastolic hypertension
Cyclizine s.e.
tachyarrhythmias
diclofenac s.e.
porphyria
don’t give cyclizine to
people with heart failure
memantine mechanism
partial NMDA receptor antagonist
Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia
donepizil, galantamine, rivastigmine
Rx akathesia
B blockers, mirtazapine, benzodiazapines
Erythromycin s.e.
GI upset, prolongs QT interval
Flucloxacillin s.e.
Cholestasis
Doxasosin s.e.
postural hypotension
Thiazides s.e.
Gout, hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, impaired glucose tolerance
Precipitates digoxin toxicity
Low Mg + K (fghij…KLM..nop)
High Na + Ca (CaHN)
Arterial injection propofol
hyperaemia, distal blanching
Arterial atracurium
ischaemia
Arterial ketamine
necrosis
Arterial phyentoin/ thiopental
ischaemia, necrosis, death
Cyclizine mechanism of action
H1 antagonist
Prochlorperazine mechainsm
D2 antagonist
mild steroid
hydrocortisone
moderate steroid
betnovate
potent steroid
beclometasone
very potent
dermovate
necrobiosis lipoidica
Diabetes
misoprostol
Synthetic prostaglandin analogue
high bicarb
metabolic alkalosis
low bicarb
metabolic acidosis
high CO2
respiratory acidosis
low CO2
respiratory alkalosis
Clonazepam should be avoided
in renal failure
increases glucose uptake, decreases GNG
metformin
closes K+ channel, releases insulin
Sulfonureas (gliclizide)
Binds PPAR-y, increases inulin sensitivity
Glitazones
Binds K+ channel, releases insulin
Natglinide
side effects sulfonureas + meglinides
weight gain, hypos, SIADH, cholestatic liver dysfunction
metformin side effects
weight loss
pioglitazone side effects
hepatotoxicity
GLP-1 analogs
increase insulin release, decrease gastric emptying
Linagliptin
stop GLP-1 inactivation
pramlintide
decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon
canagliflozin
blocks PCT reabsorption
acarbose
inhibits alpha glucosidase at the brush border
Don’t give rotavirus vaccine
History of intussception
Vaccines to avoid with egg allergy
MMR, influenza, yellow fever
Don’t give pertussis vaccine if
Encephalopathy within the last 7 days
Sertraline + aspirin
Give lanzoprazole for gastric protection
Gliptins side effects
Pancreatitis