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Block 4 Exam 1 > RF/causes > Flashcards

RF/causes Flashcards

1
Q

FVD

A

Vom, dia
Sweat
Suction
Bleeding
Low intake
Older
Burns
3rd spacing
DI
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison)

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2
Q

FVE

A

HF
Kidney (Cushing)
Cirrhosis
Too much salt
IVF

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3
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Vom, dia
Sweat
Diuretics
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison)
SIADH

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4
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Low water intake/dehydration
Too much salt
DI
Heatstroke

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5
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Meds (loops, roids)
Suction
GI loss
Adrenal tumor leading to hyperaldosteronism and Hypernatremia

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6
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Renal failure/hypoaldosteronism/Hyponatremia
Older
Replacement
K sparing diuretics
Trauma (crushing)
Acidosis

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7
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low PTH
Osteoporosis
Pancreatitis
Alkalosis
Malabsorption
Transfusion of citrated blood
Kidney injury leading to Hyperphosphatemia
Low vitamin D
Low magnesium
Etoh
Immobile

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

CA
Thiazide
High PTH
Bone loss immobility
Tums

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9
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Homeless- ETOH and starving
Low potassium, calcium, albumin
GI loss
Diuretics
Rapid citrate blood
Rapid refeed

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10
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Renal injury
DKA
IV replacement

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11
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Decreased GI absorption
Too much tums
ETOH WD
Rapid refeed
Heat stroke
Respiratory alkalosis
Burns
Diarrhea
DKA

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12
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Kidney injury
Low calcium
High vitamin D
Acidosis

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13
Q

Hypochloremia

A

GI loss
Diuretics and laxatives
Low intake
Addison/adrenal insufficiency/hyponatremia
DKA
SIADH
Burns
Steroids

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14
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

Metabolic acidosis brought on by excessive administration of Cl- (NS, 1/2 NS, LR)
Hypernatremia
Low bicarbonate

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15
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

DKA
Renal failure
ASA OD
Shock
Diarrhea, bile drainage

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16
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

GI loss (suction, vom, dia)
Cushing

17
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Opioid OD
Asthma
PNA
COPD
GBS, MS

18
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Anxiety
Brain tumor leading to tachypnea
Sepsis leading to tachypnea

19
Q

Acute respiratory failure

A

Impaired CNS
OD
Head trauma
Infection
Hemorrhage
Sleep apnea

PC FED BRAHMS
PNA/p edema
COPD
Foreign body
Epiglottitis
Disorder of spine
Bronchitis
Respiratory depressant drugs
Asthma
Head injury
Meningitis
Severe cardiac failure

20
Q

Complications with MV

A

Alterations in cardiac function
Barotrauma and pneumothorax
Infection and sepsis
Delirium

21
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Trauma
Surgery
Pregnancy
Birth control / hormone replacement
HF
Hypercoagulability
Lower limb trauma
Travel
Stasis (bed bound, hypotension, afib, valve disorder, etc)

Virchow triad: endothelial damage, altered coagulation, and venous stasis

22
Q

Changes in older adults that make them susceptible to kidney injury

A

Sclerosis of renal and glomerulus
Decreased blood flow
Decreased GFR
Decreased renal reserve
Altered function and acid-base
Incomplete emptying, urine stasis
Decreased nerve function
Decrease drug clearance

23
Q

AKI

A

Hypovolemia
Hypotension
Reduced CO, HF
Obstruction

24
Q

CKD

A

DM and HTN
Nephrosclerosis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Infections
Obstruction
Hereditary lesions
Vascular disorders
Meds/toxins
Obesity
Race

25
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

African American
DM nephropathy
HTN
Aging

26
Q

Atelectasis

A

Hypoventilation
Obstruction (foreign or COPD)
Compression (pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion)
Post surg

27
Q

What can cause vent alarm to go off for decreased pressure/volume

A

Leak- check the entire tubing

28
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Lupus
DM
Multiple myeloma
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Renal vein thrombus

29
Q

When to MV (numbers)

A

PaO2 <55
PaCO2 >50
PH <7.32
VC <10
NIF <25
FEV <10

30
Q

When to MV (CM)

A

Apnea
Bradypnea
Resp distress with confusion
Increased WOB that can’t be helped
Confusion and can’t protect airways
Circulatory shock
Controlled hyperventilation (head injury)

31
Q

ADH released by the…

A

Pituitary gland

32
Q

Aldosterone released by the…

A

Adrenal cortex

33
Q

Steps of RAAS

A

Renin is secreted by kidneys after stimulated by low BP/pressure
Renin converts angiotensinogen in liver into…
Angio I, the ACE converts Angio I to…
Angio II vasoconstricts and stimulates…
Aldosterone released by adrenal
Results in increased vol / BP

34
Q

ARDS

A

Trauma
Infection
Prolonged cardio pulmonary bypass
Shock
Fat emboli
Sepsis

Block 4 Exam 1 (3 decks)

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