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Block 4 Exam 1 > CM/SS > Flashcards

CM/SS Flashcards

1
Q

FVD

A

Low UOP
High BUN
Ortho hypo
Weak rapid pulse
High temp
Dry tongue
Decreased turgor
Long cap refill
Weight loss

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2
Q

FVD, older

A

Delirium
Decreased cerebral perfusion
Cold extremities
Low central venous pressure
Fall risk
Decreased ADL

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3
Q

FVE

A

Edema
Weight gain
High BP
SOB
JVD
Crackles
Low BUN
Low HCT
Low spec grav
High UOP
High RR

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4
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Neuro - seizures, LOC, cerebral swelling/papiledema, dizzy, twitch, HA
Anorexia
Low turgor
NV
Low BP, high pulse
Cramp and weakness
Edema, weight gain

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5
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Thirsty
Pulmonary edema
CNS - lethargy, hallucinations, seizure, twitch, coma
NV
High temp
High spec grav
Low UOP
Swollen dry tongue
High BP, high HR

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6
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Flat t
Low GI motility
Paresthesia
Thirst
Fatigue
Low BP

6 Ls: leg cramp, lethargy, limp, low shallow respiration, lethal arrhythmia, lots of urine

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High t wave
Anxiety
Paresthesia

MURDER: muscle weak, urine problems, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac, ECG, reflexes low

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8
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Tingle at mouth and fingers
Numb
Tetany
Abnormal clotting
High DTR
Arrhythmia
Resp - stridor, spasm, dyspnea
CNS - seizure, depression, delirium, memory, anxiety

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9
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Bone pain
Stones
Low DTR
Heart
Thirsty
High UOP
NV
Cramps
CNS - lethargy, coma, confusion

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10
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Tetany
High DTR
High risk dig tox
Dysphagia
CNS - seizure, depression, insomnia, confusion, hallucinations
Ataxia
Arrhythmias

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11
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Sedative - low RR, low HR, low BP, low DTR, weak
Flushed
Sweat
Constipation
Coma
Cardiac arrest

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12
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Bone pain, muscle pain
Risk for infection
Nystagmus
Cardiomyopathy
Tissue hypoxia, weakness
Weak breathing
Neuro
High PTH, low ATP

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13
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Calcium deposits
Itching
Tetany
High DTR
NV
High HR
Low calcium

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14
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Low BP
CNS - agitation, seizure, coma
Weak
Cardiac

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15
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

Rapid deep respirations
High BP
Edema
Dyspnea
Thirst
Dry
CNS - cognition, coma, lethargy
Low CO, arrhythmias

Same as metabolic acidosis: hypervolemia and Hypernatremia

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16
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Low BP
High RR
CNS - HA, confusion, drowsy
Low CO, arrhythmias
Shock
NV
Clammy skin
Malaise

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17
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

SS of low K and low Ca
Tingle at toes and fingers
Respiratory depression
High HR
Tetany
ECG
Low GI motility
NVD
Confusion
Seizures

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18
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

High RR, high BP, high HR
High cerebral perfusion/ICP/fullness in head, mental status, HA
High conjunctival vessels and papiledema
Restless

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19
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Decreased cerebral perfusion, lightheaded, low concentration
Tinnitus
Numbness and tingle at extremities
Sweat
High HR, arrhythmias
LOC
Seizure

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20
Q

Complications of crush injuries

A

Hypovolemic shock
SCI
Erythema, blistering
Fractures
AKI

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21
Q

Heat stroke

A

CNS
High temp
Hot dry skin
Anhidrosis
Tachypnea
Hypotension
Tachycardia

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22
Q

Anthrax poisoning

A

Flu like
Skin legions, fever, NVD, abdominal pain
Hemorrhaging mediastinitis
Edema with pruritus
Necrosis

23
Q

Smallpox

A

High fever
Malaise
HA, backache, prostration
Rash at face, mouth, pharynx, forearms

24
Q

Acute radiation syndrome

A

Decrease blood cells
Increased infection
Electrolyte imbalances
Bleeding
Diarrhea
LOC
Increased ICP leading to death

25
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Agitation
Seizure
Hyperthermia
Diaphoresis
Hypertension

26
Q

COVID multi organ system involvement and complications

A

Acute kidney failure
Hematologic (clots, VTE)
Septic shock
GI
PNA, respiratory failure, ARDS

27
Q

Acute respiratory failure

A

Hypoxemia
Hypercapnia
Resp acid
Restless
Tachy, HTN
HA
Fatigue
Confusion, lethargy
Cyanosis
Diaphoresis
Resp arrest, tachypnic
Accessory muscle
Decrease breath sounds

28
Q

ARDS

A

Sudden pulmonary edema
Lung infiltrates on x ray
Normal L atrial pressure
Severe dyspnea
VQ mismatch
Hypoxia does not respond to O2
Crackles
Retractions
Shunted blood due to non functioning parts of lungs, possible fluid buildup in lungs
Hypotension due to low volume due to above mentioned and interstitial shifting
Reduced cardiac output due to PEEP
Tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia
Decreased lung compliance

29
Q

Pulmonary embolism complications

A

VQ imbalance
R vent failure
Shock

30
Q

AKI

A

50% increase in serum creatinine

31
Q

4 phases AKI

A

Initiation
Oliguria
Diuresis
Recovery

32
Q

CKD

A

Decrease GFR 3 or more months
Increase serum creatinine
Anemia
Metabolic acidosis
Low Ca and high phosph
Fluid retention, edema, CHF
Lyte imbalance (hyperK, hyperMg, hyper Na)
HF and HTN
Pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion

33
Q

Glomerular disease / acute nephritic

A

Large and congested kidney
Hematuria, azotemia, proteinuria
Edema, HTN
Low GFR, increased BUN and serum creatinine
Increased lytes in blood
Pus and casts
Hypoalbuminemia
HA, malaise, flank pain
Dyspnea, JVD
Cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema
Anemia

34
Q

Complications with renal patients

A

Hyperkalemia
Pericarditis
Pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
HTN
Anemia
Bone disease and metastatic calcifications

35
Q

Flail chest

A

Paradoxical chest movement
Mediastinum/trachea shift

36
Q

Normal bladder capacity

A

400-500 mL

37
Q

GFR for 5 stages CKD

A

1: <90
2: 60-89
3: 30-59
4: 29-15
5: <15

38
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

Increased BUN
Increased creatinine
Mild proteinuria
Acute hypertensive or benign

39
Q

Complications of acute glomerular disease / nephritic

A

Hypertensive encephalopathy
HF
Pulmonary edema

40
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Kidneys shrink 1/5 size
Fixed spec grav
Casts
Proteinuria / Hypoalbuminemia
Electrolyte imbalances
Weak, irritable, yellow gray skin
SS of CHF

Late: peripheral neuropathy, diminished DTR, confusion
Pericarditis, friction rub, pleural effusion

41
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Increased glomerular permeability
Massive proteinuria
Massive edema
Hypercoag/thrombus
Irritable, HA, malaise
Hyperlipidemia

42
Q

Weaning criteria (numbers)

A

VC 10-15 mL/kg
MIP > 20
Vt 7 to 9 mL/kg
Ve 6 L/min
RSBI < 100
PaO2 > 60
FiO2 < 40%

43
Q

ARF acute respiratory failure (numbers and CM)

A

PaO2 <60
PaCO2 >50
pH <7.35
Dyspnea
Restless
Fatigue
Tachy, hyperT
Accessory muscles
Decreased breath sounds

44
Q

Ss and complications of chest trauma

A

Hypoxia
Hypovolemia and shock
HF from Tamponade and Contusion
Poor VQ leading to AKI
Trachea and mediastinum shift/pneumothorax
Crepitus

45
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Pleuritic pain
Dyspnea
Calf pain
Pleural friction rub
Tachy, cough, sweat
Hemoptysis, syncope
Can lead to R sided HR/low CO/low BP/shock

46
Q

SS of kidney injury

A

Pain
SOB
Pedal edema
Urine changes
Anemia

47
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

Typical renal failure ss
+ UTI and stones

48
Q

RIFLE

A

Stages of AKI
Risk (1.5 Cr, 25% GFR decrease, UOP 0.5mL/kg/hr 6 hrs)
Injury (2x Cr, 50% GFR decrease, UOP 0.5mL/kg/hr 12 hrs)
Failure (3 Cr, 75% GFR decrease, UOP <0.3 mL/kg/hr 24 hrs or anuria 12 h)
Loss (loss of function 4 weeks)
ESRD (3 months)

49
Q

Complications with dialysis patients

A

Pericarditis
Pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
Pleural effusion
PNA
Lytes
Itching

50
Q

Pericarditis

A

Fever
Friction rub
Pulses paradoxus

51
Q

Pericardial effusion

A

Distant heart sounds

52
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Inaudible heart sounds
Hypotension
Crushing chest pain
SOB

53
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Diminished
SOB
Friction rub

Block 4 Exam 1 (3 decks)

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