Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Italy - failures 1830-49 > Revolutions of 1848-49 > Flashcards

Revolutions of 1848-49 Flashcards

1
Q

Compared to other Italian states, the liberalism of which state influenced the revolution?

A

Piedmont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pius IX’s reforms received support from which King?

A

Charles Albert (he joined customs union)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What forced Charles Albert to introduce the ‘Statuto’ in 1847?

A

demonstrations in Turin and Genoa demanding a constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What consequence did the Statuto have?

A

the aims of the Carbonari were achieved - more confidence to resist restored rulers and Austria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was Pius IX elected? why?

A

1846, his moderate stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was one of the first acts by Pius IX?

A

2000 political prisoners released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What other changes did Pius IX introduce?

A
  • reformed law and education

- introduced an elected ‘consulta’ to advise him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did Pius IX promote free trade?

A

entered a customs union with Piedmont and Tuscany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What consequence did Pius IX’s reforms have?

A

inspired change in other states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What proportion of the population worked the land (farming)?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What long held rights did the peasantry lose?

A

use of communal land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was a consequence of over production for industrial workers?

A

lay offs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the cause of urban riots in 1846?

A

harvest failures (caused maize and wheat shortages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What problems did agriculture have?

A
  • inefficient

- vulnerable to foreign competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What urban problems existed in cities, such as Milan?

A
  • overcrowding

- poor housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Sicilians blamed their Neapolitan rulers for what?

A

In 1836, a cholera outbreak killed 65,000 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How did taxation cause resentment in Lombardy-Venetia?

A

It was high. 1/3 of Austrian tax revenue originated here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What caused tension between Austria and the Papal States in July 1847?

A

1815 Treaty of Vienna permitted Austria to occupy Ferrarra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Pius IX do in January 1848 do in relation to the Austrians?

A
  • banned them from crossing the Papal States

- asked the lord to bless “Italia”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is Austria’s tension with Pius IX important?

A

Austria is Catholic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the Papal allocution?

A
  • Unwilling to support any national cause or war against Austria.
  • Charles Albert is the aggressor.
  • Papacy uninterested in leading Italy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which conservative did Pius IX appoint as Prime Minister?

A

Count Rossi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When was Count Rossi assassinated?

A

15th November

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When and where does Pius IX go into exile?

A

November 26th, Gaeta (Naples)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who establishes a provisional government?

A

Giuseppe Galletti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What were their initial reforms?

A
  • tax reform
  • public works
  • setting up the ‘Costituente’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who made up majority in the Costituente?

A

radical middle class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did the Costituente initially do?

A

abolish Pope’s power, set up Roman Republic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who were in the ‘Triumvirate’

A

Mazzini, Armellini and Saffi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What were Mazzini’s reforms in Rome?

A
  • slums cleared
  • church control of the press and education ended
  • death penalty abolished
  • constitution promised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What did Garibaldi promise to the Costituente, shortly before their defeat?

A

“hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death”

33
Q

how many follow Garibaldi to exile in San Marino

A

400

34
Q

Where was Mazzini exiled?

A

London

35
Q

What causes notices threatening to start a revolution in Sicily on January 9th 1848?

A
  • repression by Ferdinand II

- cholera outbreak

36
Q

What was the result of the Sicilian uprising in Sicily on the 12th January?

A

Palermo is taken over with support from peasants

37
Q

What did the Sicilian uprising result in on January 17th?

A

spread to Neapolitan mainland:

  • launched by secret societies
  • Bourbon officials killed
  • 1820 constitution demanded
38
Q

On January 27th, what forced Ferdinand to appoint a more liberal ministry?

A

massive demonstrations in Naples

39
Q

What concession did Ferdinand grant in February?

A

A constitution, albeit conservative

40
Q

What forces the resignation of Metternich in March 1848?

A

outbreak of revolution in Vienna

41
Q

What takes place in Lombardy in March?

A

Five Glorious Days of Milan

42
Q

What takes place on the Five Glorious Days?

A
  • 10,000 people present petition for reforms

- conflict between anti-Austrian forces and Austrian troops

43
Q

What was the consequence of the Five Glorious Days?

A

Radetsky withdraws forces to quadrilateral

44
Q

When was a provisional government established in Sicily?

A

April 1848

45
Q

When was the Papal Allocution introduced?

A

April 1848

46
Q

What actions do the Sicilian provisional government take in the same month?

A
  • parliament elected
  • independence declared
  • Ferdinand no longer king
47
Q

A moderate ministry is established. What does King Ferdinand agree to in Naples in May?

A
  • two chamber parliament with limited powers

- sends force of 17,000 to fight Austria

48
Q

In May, how many French troops have amassed on the Piedmontese border?

A

30,000

49
Q

Which did Charles Albert refuse to do in May?

A

accept recruits who don’t swear loyalty to Piedmont

50
Q

Where is Charles Albert crushed on July 24th?

A

Custozza

51
Q

When are the Piedmontese finally expelled from Lombardy?

A

August 1848

52
Q

When is the Armistice of Salasco signed?

A

11th August

53
Q

Which state adopts a more democratic government in October 1848?

A

Tuscany

54
Q

What forced Leopold II of Tuscany to flee?

A

increasingly radical atmosphere

55
Q

Where is Piedmont finally crushed? what consequence does this have?

A
  • Novara (23rd March)

- Charles Albert abdicates

56
Q

When does Ferdinand abolish the Neapolitan parliament?

A

March 1849

57
Q

When was the Sicilian provisional government crushed?

A

March 1849

58
Q

When does Leopold return to Tuscany?

A

April 1849

59
Q

When was autocracy re-established by Ferdinand?

A

May 1849

60
Q

When did the Republic of Venice (led by Manin) surrender? why?

A

August

- hunger, cholera

61
Q

What else contributed to the 5 days of Milan?

A
  • Austrian monopoly over tobacco gambling (5 million lire per annum), boycotted
  • Austrian soldiers retaliated by smoking ostentatiously
  • riots led to martial law imposed (25th February)
62
Q

Why did Radetsky withdraw to the quadrilateral after Milan?

A

revolt spread to countryside

63
Q

When was the Venetian Republic formed?

A

22nd March

64
Q

What contributed to the Venetian Republic?

A
  • Austrian fleet manned by Italians

- Italians also in control of the Venice arsenal

65
Q

Why did the Triumvirate issue their constitution too late?

A
  • By June 1848, 20,000 French troops amassed outside Rome

- entered Rome a few weeks later

66
Q

How long was Garibaldi able to hold off the French in Rome?

A

2 months

67
Q

When did Mazzini flee Rome?

A

5th July 1849

68
Q

Why did Napoleon send an army to Rome?

A

to maintain French Catholic support

69
Q

Who commanded the French army invading Rome?

A

General Oudinot

70
Q

Why else did the Roman Republic fail?

A
  • loss of Piedmont (defeated) as a potential ally

- many Catholics would not go against “God’s representative on Earth” or suffer spiritual damage

71
Q

When did Piedmont defeat Austria at Goito and Peschiera?

A

May 1848

72
Q

How many of Garibaldi’s troops were killed by Austrian bullets, disease and hunger?

A

3,500

73
Q

How did King Ferdinand of Naples seize Messina in September 1848?

A
  • sent a force of 20,000

- 3 day intensive bombardment (“King Bomba”)

74
Q

What other problem did the Piedmontese army have?

A

big divisions, lack of trust

75
Q

What encouraged Pius IX to introduce more reforms?

A

“O Sommo Pio”

76
Q

What else did the Statuto do?

A

gave civil rights for radicals and reformers to stand on?

77
Q

Who took part in the ‘5 Glorious Days’ on Milan?

A
  • 100 Priests

- Middle class

78
Q

Why was Garibaldi refused permission to serve Charles Albert in the war?

A
  • too radical

- king distrusted him

Italy - failures 1830-49 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions