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AP World History > Revolutions and Idustrialization > Flashcards

Revolutions and Idustrialization Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the French Revolution happen?

A

1789-1815

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2
Q

What started the French Revolution?

A
  • Inspired by the American Revolution
  • Bankrupt because of 7 year war (aka French and Indian War)
  • Very high taxation to make up for debt, but only taxed poor, nobles and clergy not taxed
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3
Q

What were the three Estates General

A
  • Clergy
  • Nobility
  • Commoners (represented by Bourgeoisie)
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4
Q

What happened at meeting of Estates General

A

Commoners got outvoted (2:1) on taxation, got mad, formed their own assembly called the National Assembly, met in Tennis Court.

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5
Q

What did the National Assembly write?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

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6
Q

What large event happened on July 14th, 1789

A

Storming of the Bastille

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7
Q

What happened to nobles after Storming of the Bastille

A

Nobles (including the king) were kidnapped and brought to Paris

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8
Q

What happened to the Catholic Church in France that upset the Pope?

A

It was made part of the French government.

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9
Q

What do Louis and Marie Antoinette try to do in 1791?

A

Escape, they get caught

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10
Q

When was the French Republic proclaimed?

A

1792

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11
Q

When were Louis and Marie Antoinette executed

A

1793

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12
Q

Which major figure supported the sans-culottes

A

Robespierre

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13
Q

Who liberated the bulk of South America from the Spanish?

A

Simon Bolivar

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14
Q

Military leaders in South America that ruled strictly and showed off their power

A

Caudillos

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15
Q

Who liberated Haiti?

A

Toussaint Louverture

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16
Q

What was special about the Haitian Revolution?

A

It was led by slaves, not high-class people

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17
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

Transition from hand made to machine made goods in England in the late 1700s.

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18
Q

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

A
  1. Agricultural revolution
  2. Water
  3. Natural Resources
  4. Steam Power
  5. Legal Protection of private property
  6. Political Stability
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19
Q

What were the distinguishing factors of the two parts of the Industrial Revolution?

A 
1st part:
-Before 1870
-Small factories, canals, railroads, coal
-Textile production
2nd part:
-After 1870 (to 1920s)
-Large factories
-Automobiles
-Electricity
-Iron
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20
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A
  • Application of science to land
  • Peasants kicked off of nobles’ land
  • More agriculture=more food=less people working in fields=larger population=people can do more jobs
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21
Q

Water

A
  • Expanded size of the market

- Makes trade more available

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22
Q

Natural Resources

A
  • Coal and Iron
  • Started with timber, mass deforestation
  • Coal replaces timber
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23
Q

Steam power

A
  • James Watt’s steam engine
  • Steam from coal powers steam engine
  • Spinning jenny= increases textile production bc. makes it more mechanized and easier to make
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24
Q

Legal protection of private property

A
  • So that the king and nobles don’t take it
  • More people with capital means more people invest CRUCIAL to Industrial Revolution
  • More colonies=more income=more capital=more investment
25
Q

Political stability

A
  • No wars
  • Don’t have to rebuild after war
  • More prosperity due to institution (Bank of England encourages accumulation of capital and investment)
26
Q

Capital

A

Money left after bills

27
Q

Romanticism

A

Cultural movement that rejects industrialization and to some degree the Enlightenment. Foculses on nature and emotion rather than reason.

28
Q

Examples of Romanticism

A

The Wanderer, Graveyard Painting

29
Q

Opinion of liberals at this point

A

Free trade rather than mercantilism, support Industrialization.

30
Q

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

A
  1. Environmental Changes
  2. Urbanization and public health crises
  3. New social classes and separate spheres
  4. Specialization of labor, rise of unskilled labor
  5. Mass production
  6. Single Natural Resource Dependency
  7. Rapid decline of ag. based economies
  8. Increased demand for raw materials and markets
  9. Global Capitalism
  10. Stock markets and insurance and banking institutions
31
Q

Separate Spheres

A

Idea that men take care of everything outside the house and women take care of everything relating to the house

32
Q

Environmental Changes

A

Increase of dependency on non renewable natural resources

33
Q

Urbinization and public health crises

A

Manchester grows drastically, rise of poverty associated diseases such as cholera (contamination of water supply from lack of separation from sewage system)

34
Q

New Social Classes and Separate Spheres

A
  • Working class
    * Unskilled
    * Proletariat
    * Formerly Farmers
  • Middle class
    * Bourgeoisie, owned factories
35
Q

Sadler Committee

A

Passes laws for child and woman labor, working class sad because they can’t make income from kids working at factories any more, have to send them to school.

36
Q

Specialization of labor, rise of unskilled labor

A
  • specific tasks
  • know how to do 1 simple thing
  • assembly line
37
Q

Mass production

A
  • More goods, less money, less time
  • Less hand made, more mass produced
  • Less sentimental value of goods (blankets)
38
Q

Single Natural Resource Dependency

A

Economies rely on single raw material

cotton, rubber, palm oil, sugar, wheat, meat, metals.

39
Q

Rapid Decline of ag. based economies

A

Less ag, more factories

40
Q

Increased demand for raw materials and markets

A

Factories rely on raw materials to make things, markets are needed to sell the stuff made.

41
Q

Market

A

People to buy goods

42
Q

Global capitalism

A
  • Use of economic system in which people make profits on global scale
  • United fruit company ( takes over Latin America, sold fruit grown there to N. America and Europe)
  • HSBC
  • Unilever (Owns many other companies available worldwide)
43
Q

Stock markets, insurance, and banking institutions

A

All grow, emphasis on stocks, people invest, companies grow, industrial revolution continues to grow.

44
Q

Global Industrialization in Latin America

A
  • Rise of Single Natural Resource dependency
  • Argentinian Beef
  • Brazilian Coffee
  • Cheap labor, exports to Europe and N. America, economies driven by these resources
  • British and Americans invest
45
Q

Global Industrialization in Russia

A
  • Doesn’t industrialize as much as other countries
  • Russia remained agricultural, slow to industrialize
  • Because of no manufacturing, system of serfdom, wheat and other crops, western Europe relies on ag of Russia.
46
Q

How did serfdom end in Western Europe

A

Napoleon ended it when he conquered all other countries

47
Q

Global Industrialization in Germany

A

-Transition from small family owned companies and factories, to large, government aided factories.

48
Q

Order of the revolutions

A

1) American
2) French
3) Haitian
4) S. American

49
Q

Who led the revolution in Mexico?

A

Miguel Hidalgo

50
Q

Major figure in the liberation of Peru and Argentina

A

Jose de San Martin

51
Q

Stages of Revolution

A
  1. People become dissatisfied with government
  2. Moderates gain power
  3. Radicals take over, terror phase
  4. Peace and acceptance
52
Q

What was special about the American Revolution?

A

It lacked a terror phase

53
Q

Slogan of French Revolution

A

Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité

54
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen and was later executed in the French Revolution?

A

Olympe de Gouges

55
Q

Who led the Reign of Terror?

A

Robespierre

56
Q

What was established to punish everyone against the French Revolution?

A

Comittee of Public Safety

57
Q

What was mass male subscribtion into military service called during the French Revolution?

A

Levée en masse

58
Q

Nationalism

A

Desire for autonomy in a group of people with a shared culture, tradition, and language.

AP World History (3 decks)

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