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AP World History > Empires and Interconnections > Flashcards

Empires and Interconnections Flashcards

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1
Q

What new invention helped fast and mass communication throughout Europe, as well as increasing the literacy rate?

A

Gutenburg Printing Press

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2
Q

Examples of this period’s artists

A

da Vinci, Michelangelo

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3
Q

What happened to Christianity during this period?

A

It split into many different denominations.

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4
Q

Who was the first to split off from the Catholic church during this period?

A

Martin Luther

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5
Q

Why did Martin Luther split from the Catholic church?

A

He believed many church practices such as indulgences violated biblical teachings.

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6
Q

What did Martin Luther do to split off from the Catholic Church?

A

He wrote the 95 Theses. A document that outlined his grievances against the church.

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7
Q

French theologian that broke off from the church.

A

John Calvin

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8
Q

What were the major differences in the beliefs of the Calvinist church?

A

Predestination, simple living (including church buildings)`

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9
Q

The belief that God decided who would go to Heaven before he created the world and the fate of everything is already determined.

A

Predestination

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10
Q

What were Calvinists in France called?

A

Huguenots

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11
Q

Example of Calvinists throughout the world

A

Puritans (in England and later Boston)

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12
Q

Who started Anglicanism

A

Henry VIII

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13
Q

What were the attempts of the Catholic Church to counter protestants called?

A

Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation

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14
Q

What did the Catholic Church do to limit protestants?

A
  • Inquisition
  • Jesuits
  • council of Trent
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15
Q

System to root out and punish nonbelievers of the Catholic Church, even through torture

A

Inquisition

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16
Q

Religious order who undertook missionary activity of the Catholics

A

Jesuits

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17
Q

Council of Trent

A

Corrected some of the worst of the Church’s abuses

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18
Q

Absolutism

A

The belief that monarchs should have absolute power over their nation, Divine Right

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19
Q

Constitutionalism

A

The belief that the legal body should have power, the monarch should be a figurehead.

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20
Q

What was the cause of the English Civil War

A

Between Puritans who supported parliament, and supporters of the monarchy, over if King should have this much power

21
Q

European patterns of power in the 17th century

A
  • UK became more constitutionalized

- France became more absolute

22
Q

What did King Louis XIV do to ensure his absolute power?

A

Built Versailles

23
Q

Who built Versailles?

A

Louis XIV

24
Q

Idea that evidence should back a hypothesis

A

Empiricism

25
Q

Who came up with empiricism

A

Francis Bacon

26
Q

Enlightenment

A

Abandoning theologically based thinking and transitioning to reason.

27
Q

Adam Smith

A

Challenged mercantilism, believed everyone should be excercise their own financial interests, with only a few restrictions. In this way, the economy would function better. Government should be an invisible hand.

28
Q

Mercantilism

A

Belief that the wealth of a nation should be measured by its gold and silver. Imports were bad, exports were good.

29
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

Transition from small scale trading to large scale international trade using gold and silver.

30
Q

Why did Europeans expand?

A
  • People wanted to find wealth

- Others wanted to escape religious oppression

31
Q

Which Portugese ruler was known to greatly expand Portugal throughout the world?

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

32
Q

Group of Russian rulers that ruled until 1917

A

Romanovs

33
Q

Achievements of Peter the Great

A
  • Made the Orthodox Church part of the government
  • Got land from Sweden, created St. Petersburg
  • Winter Palace
  • Westernized nobility
34
Q

Catherine the Great

A
  • Became monarch after her husband’s death
  • Ended torture in Russia
  • Forced to end taxation and mandatory service for boyars
  • Greatly expanded Russia’s territory
35
Q

Russian nobles

A

Boyars

36
Q

Serfdom in Russia

A
  • Did not go away because it provided many benefits
  • Kept peasants under control of nobles
  • Allowed nobles to have free labor
37
Q

Mississippian Culture

A

First large-scale civilization in N. America. Built large dirt mounds.

  • Large scale agriculture (corn, beans, squash, tobacco)
  • Biggest city was Cahokia
38
Q

Aztecs

A
  • Capital was Tenochtitlan
  • Built pyramids and temples
  • Floating gardens called chinampas
  • Tribute system
  • Had city states with governors
39
Q

Inca

A
  • Mita system

- Rough territory (spanned over mountain ranges and lakes)

40
Q

Spanish sent to Americas to colonize

A

Conquistadors

41
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Exchange of disease, goods, and slaves in mesoamerica

42
Q

Coercive labor system the Spanish implemented to gain gold, silver, and goods

A

Encomienda

43
Q

Peruvian mine used to extract silver.

A

Potosi

44
Q

Social Structure in Americas

A
  • Peninsulares (born in Europe)
  • Creoles (Euros born in Americas)
  • Castas (Mixed origin)
    • Mestitzos - mixed european and native
    • Mullatos - mixed european and african
  • Natives
  • Africans
45
Q

Indentured Servitude

A

Agree to work for someone without pay for a certain number of years, in exchange for passage to Americas

46
Q

Name of journey from Africa to Americas

A

Middle Passage

47
Q

Empire in India during this period

A

Mughal

48
Q

Order of elite infantry in Ottoman empire made up of boys taken from families at a young age.

A

Janissaries

AP World History (3 decks)

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