Empires and Interconnections

Question 1

What new invention helped fast and mass communication throughout Europe, as well as increasing the literacy rate?

Answer 1

Gutenburg Printing Press

Question 2

Examples of this period’s artists

Answer 2

da Vinci, Michelangelo

Question 3

What happened to Christianity during this period?

Answer 3

It split into many different denominations.

Question 4

Who was the first to split off from the Catholic church during this period?

Answer 4

Martin Luther

Question 5

Why did Martin Luther split from the Catholic church?

Answer 5

He believed many church practices such as indulgences violated biblical teachings.

Question 6

What did Martin Luther do to split off from the Catholic Church?

Answer 6

He wrote the 95 Theses. A document that outlined his grievances against the church.

Question 7

French theologian that broke off from the church.

Answer 7

John Calvin

Question 8

What were the major differences in the beliefs of the Calvinist church?

Answer 8

Predestination, simple living (including church buildings)`

Question 9

The belief that God decided who would go to Heaven before he created the world and the fate of everything is already determined.

Answer 9

Predestination

Question 10

What were Calvinists in France called?

Answer 10

Huguenots

Question 11

Example of Calvinists throughout the world

Answer 11

Puritans (in England and later Boston)

Question 12

Who started Anglicanism

Answer 12

Henry VIII

Question 13

What were the attempts of the Catholic Church to counter protestants called?

Answer 13

Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation

Question 14

What did the Catholic Church do to limit protestants?

Answer 14

• Inquisition
• Jesuits
• council of Trent

Question 15

System to root out and punish nonbelievers of the Catholic Church, even through torture

Answer 15

Inquisition

Question 16

Religious order who undertook missionary activity of the Catholics

Answer 16

Jesuits

Question 17

Council of Trent

Answer 17

Corrected some of the worst of the Church’s abuses

Question 18

Absolutism

Answer 18

The belief that monarchs should have absolute power over their nation, Divine Right

Question 19

Constitutionalism

Answer 19

The belief that the legal body should have power, the monarch should be a figurehead.

Question 20

What was the cause of the English Civil War

Answer 20

Between Puritans who supported parliament, and supporters of the monarchy, over if King should have this much power

Question 21

European patterns of power in the 17th century

Answer 21

• UK became more constitutionalized

- France became more absolute

Question 22

What did King Louis XIV do to ensure his absolute power?

Answer 22

Built Versailles

Question 23

Who built Versailles?

Answer 23

Louis XIV

Question 24

Idea that evidence should back a hypothesis

Answer 24

Empiricism

Question 25

Who came up with empiricism

Answer 25

Francis Bacon

Question 26

Enlightenment

Answer 26

Abandoning theologically based thinking and transitioning to reason.

Question 27

Adam Smith

Answer 27

Challenged mercantilism, believed everyone should be excercise their own financial interests, with only a few restrictions. In this way, the economy would function better. Government should be an invisible hand.

Question 28

Mercantilism

Answer 28

Belief that the wealth of a nation should be measured by its gold and silver. Imports were bad, exports were good.

Question 29

Commercial Revolution

Answer 29

Transition from small scale trading to large scale international trade using gold and silver.

Question 30

Why did Europeans expand?

Answer 30

- People wanted to find wealth | - Others wanted to escape religious oppression

Question 31

Which Portugese ruler was known to greatly expand Portugal throughout the world?

Answer 31

Prince Henry the Navigator

Question 32

Group of Russian rulers that ruled until 1917

Answer 32

Romanovs

Question 33

Achievements of Peter the Great

Answer 33

- Made the Orthodox Church part of the government - Got land from Sweden, created St. Petersburg - Winter Palace - Westernized nobility

Question 34

Catherine the Great

Answer 34

- Became monarch after her husband's death - Ended torture in Russia - Forced to end taxation and mandatory service for boyars - Greatly expanded Russia's territory

Question 35

Russian nobles

Answer 35

Boyars

Question 36

Serfdom in Russia

Answer 36

- Did not go away because it provided many benefits - Kept peasants under control of nobles - Allowed nobles to have free labor

Question 37

Mississippian Culture

Answer 37

First large-scale civilization in N. America. Built large dirt mounds. - Large scale agriculture (corn, beans, squash, tobacco) - Biggest city was Cahokia

Question 38

Aztecs

Answer 38

- Capital was Tenochtitlan - Built pyramids and temples - Floating gardens called chinampas - Tribute system - Had city states with governors

Question 39

Inca

Answer 39

- Mita system | - Rough territory (spanned over mountain ranges and lakes)

Question 40

Spanish sent to Americas to colonize

Answer 40

Conquistadors

Question 41

Columbian Exchange

Answer 41

Exchange of disease, goods, and slaves in mesoamerica

Question 42

Coercive labor system the Spanish implemented to gain gold, silver, and goods

Answer 42

Encomienda

Question 43

Peruvian mine used to extract silver.

Answer 43

Potosi

Question 44

Social Structure in Americas

Answer 44

- Peninsulares (born in Europe) - Creoles (Euros born in Americas) - Castas (Mixed origin) * Mestitzos - mixed european and native * Mullatos - mixed european and african - Natives - Africans

Question 45

Indentured Servitude

Answer 45

Agree to work for someone without pay for a certain number of years, in exchange for passage to Americas

Question 46

Name of journey from Africa to Americas

Answer 46

Middle Passage

Question 47

Empire in India during this period

Answer 47

Mughal

Question 48

Order of elite infantry in Ottoman empire made up of boys taken from families at a young age.

Answer 48

Janissaries