Revolutionary Ideas/Groups

Question 1

Marxism

Answer 1

In a modern world the central stuggle in society is between the middle and upper, bourgeoise, class and the industrial, proletariat, class.
the capitalist system makes the proletariat aware of their exploitation -> workers unite to overthrow the bourgeoise in a soc. rev

Question 2

Marxist-Leninism

Answer 2

Marxism was proposed for industrial countries - which Ru not
Lenin worked 2 accelerate the progress/outlined his ideas for the socialist transition period - What Is To Be Done?
The Vanguard Party
Democratically centralised
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Economics - nationalised industry
Socialist Culture

Question 3

Liberal Reforms and Ideas

Answer 3

Social liberals/those who wanted political change -> liberal nobles, middle-class liberals, middle class student liberals
Reforming tsarist system through constitution and parliament ie zemstvo became focus for representative demo
Government removed freedoms from universities in 1884 - St.P Uni demonstrations, cossacks charged crowd = 13 killed, 1500 students imprisoned
Main parties = Octobrists + Kadets

Question 4

Bolsheviks

Answer 4

Bourgeoisie and proletarian stages could be telescoped into one revolution
A tight-knit exclusive, organisation of professional revolutionaries
Authority to be exercised by Central Committee of the Party - democratic centralism
No cooperation with other parties - economism dismissed as playing into the hands of bourgeoisie - aimed to turn workers into revolutionaries

Question 5

Mensheviks

Answer 5

Russia wasn’t rdy for a revolution - the bourgeoise stage had to happen 1st
A mass organisation with membership open to all revolutionaries
Open, democratic discussion within the party - decisions arrived at by votes of members
Alliances with other revolutionary and bourgeois liberal parties - support of trade unions in pursuing better wages and conditions for workers

Question 6

Octobrists

Answer 6

1905
Moderates loyal to Tsar, played a major role in the Provisional Government
Key beliefs =
Maintenance of the Russian Empire
Accepted a constitutional monarchy based on the reforms of the October Manifesto
Withdrew support for the tsar in Feb 1917

Question 7

Kadets

Answer 7

Constitutional Democrats
Lrgst of the liberal parties
wanted a constitutional monarchy with the pwr of the Tsar limited by a democratically elected national assembly ie nat assemb. would solve soc, pol, eco problems
Wanted:
An All-Russian Constituent Assembly
Full equality and civil rights for all citizens
Ending of censorship
Abolition of redemption payments
Recognition of trade unions and right to strike
Intro of universal and free edu

Question 8

Social Revolutionaries

Answer 8

Grew out of populist movement - wanted an end to capitalism
Belief that ppl are the drivers of rev t.f peasants = key
Advocated ‘revolutionary socialism’ - return land to those who worked
Appealed to the peasants - 8hr work day, universal voting rights 4 men, minimum wage, trade union rights
Split btw anarchists (responsible for 2000 pol. assassinations) and monarchists
Post 1905 moderates gained influence
Most popular party h/w internally fractured