Revolution in England+ North America Flashcards
According to James I, where did his right to rule come from?
James I believed his right to rule came from God. He ruled as an absolute monarch and considered himself to be a divine ruler.
What was the goal of parliament in presenting the Petition of Right to Charles I?
The Petition of Right aimed to make the king less irresponsible and it made Charles I promise not to:
-collect forced loans or levy taxes without parliaments consent
-imprison individuals without cause
-pit anyone on house arrest without the house owners consent
What was the main cause of the English Civil War?
The civil war started because of Charles I spending $ and raising taxes. Charles I also arrested 5 members of parliament and civil war broke out.
Which aspect of society supported parliament in the civil war?
The new model army or the Roundheads supported parliament during the civil war
What was the main long-term effects of the civil war?
The creation of the commonwealth (Ireland, Wales Scotland). The restoration of the monarchy.
How did Charles II deal with parliament?
Charles II dealt cautiously with parliament and usually had its support. He urges religious toleration as he was secretly Catholic.
What was contained in the Test Act?
The TEST ACT required any person in public office to be Anglican and excluded Protestant believers from joining universities, the navy and the army
What was the main problem that parliament had with James II?
James II was openly Catholic and put Catholics in the army and hight government positions, ignoring the test act. When he had a male heir that was Catholic, he was driven out of England.
What were the results of the Glorious Revolution?
William and Mary became joint rulers and signed the Bill of Rights (protecting English liberties), marking the end of the Glorious Revolution. The rulers powers came from parliament, NOT God.
Define Prime Minister
A prime minister was the king’s Chief advisor, handled financial matters, and was the head of the cabinet. First Prime Minister was Sir. Robert Walpole.
In the early 1700’s, local affairs in the American colonies were continued by . . .
Colonist controlled local affairs and Britain control colonial traid.
After 1763, Parliament passed what type of laws that affected the American Colonies?
Heartland parliament passed a series of laws one of them called the stamp Act to raise revenue after a war Britain was in. The stamp Act taxed anything and everything, and people in the colonies were not used to this and were outraged.
In the Declaration of Independence, American colonies claimed they could revolt because . . .
Of their consistent oppression. They also didn’t consent to being ruled.
What were the American advantages that assisted them in winning the War of Independence?
-Patriotism, they were on their own land.
-knew the land
-did new strategies, fought in the countrysides and hide in towns
-George Washington
-French supplied them with troops and men
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
The Bill of Rights was added to the first amendment as it protected freedom of speech, press and religion and other.
Stamp Act
Past and 1765, attacks Britain and the colonies on newspapers, deeds, cards and other products. Normal in Britain but it cost outrage in a colonies. Purpose was to raise money after a war.
Act of Settlement
Stated only Anglicans could inherit the English throne and become a monarch. This act was used to prevent Catholics from ruling.
Intolerable Acts
Punishment for the colonies, imposed military rule, closed Boston’s parliament and closed Massachusetts assembly.
Navigation Acts
Push the colonies to develop their own shipping industries, which freed them from foreign competition.
Habeas Corpus Act
Protected assistant from arbitrary arrest, they have to be put before a judge to be decided if a trial was necessary.
When was James II overthrown?
James overthrew the throne in 1688 to 1689.
When did the American colonies win Independence?
The Americans won Independence on July 4, 1776.
When did Sir Robert Walpole become prime minister?
Sir Robert was prime minister from 1721 to 1742.
When did James I inherit the throne?
James inherited the throne in 1603.
When did English Civil War begin?
The English Civil War took place from 1642 to 1649.
Describe two actions of Charles I that contributed to the outbreak of the English Civil War.
-Arbitrary rule, demanding money from Parliament then dissolving it.
-His appointed officials were abusive of their power and unpopular.
How did the English bill of rights affect the power of English monarchs?
The Bill of Rights limited at Monarch’s power and protected the liberties of the people. It made Parliament stronger than the monarch.
Discuss one way in which English government changed in the 1700’s.
More political parties were established and defined in Parliament.
-Whigs - limited wealthy land owners, strong navy, trade
-Tories - defined royal power, less land than Whigs
How did the ideas of John Locke and the French philosophes influence the American Declaration of Independence?
John Locke and the French philosophy ideas push the separation of powers (checks and balances), such as the legislative executive and judicial. The Bill of Rights for basic rights.
What ideas of Montesquieu are included in the constitution of the United States?
But no branch of government overpowers another, checks and balances.
