Revolution and Change Flashcards
Second Estate
Nobility, exempt from taxes
St. Helena
where Napolean was exiled after the Battle of Waterloo
Rights of Man and Citizen
document ensuring the liberty and equality of men in France, written 1879
Talleyrand
conducted foreign affairs at the congress of Vienna, redrew the European borders after napoleon’s takeover
The Hundred Days
the amount of time between Napoleon’s first exile to Elba and his return to France, where he gathered an army of 100,000 to take it over again
Third Estate
97% of the French population, “middle” nobility to peasants
Trafalgar
Britain vs France and Spain: Napoleon lost, ensured he would never invade Britain.
Ancient Regime
french society pre-revolution: feudal system, monarchy, etc.
Balance of Power
prevent one nation to become so powerful that they threaten others
Fall of Bastille
Set off the revolution, happened after Necker died. Raided Bastille because it had weapons and gunpowder, also a symbol of oppression
Battle of Waterloo
Napolean’s final battle before being completely exiled to St. Helena where he died
Bourgeoisie
land and factory owners
Charlotte Corday
girondin, executed Marat, believed revolution would do more harm than good
Concordat of 1801
agreement between Napolean and the Catholic Church: catholicism can be the favoured religion of France but there is still religious freedom. government has strict control of the church
Constitutional Monarchy
monarchy must listen and obey the parliament when making decisions
Danton
revolutionary leader, September massacres
Elba
the island Napolean was first exiled to
Emigres
people who were pro kig
First Estate
clergy
Louis XVI
last king of France before the fall of the monarchy. was not performing his duties as King.
Marat
Newspaper writer, “the people’s friend”, pro-revolutionary and anti-monarchy, after he is fatally stabbed in the bath by Charlotte Cordray he became the face of the Reign of Terror
Marie Antionette
louis xvi wife, from austria “madame deficit” because she spent lots of money and bragged about it (published it to the paper), peasants come after her because of food shortage and starvation
National Assembly
new government of the third estate - truly represented the interests of the french people. resulted in freedom of religion and press, legal equality, equal taxation, and a constitutional monarchy
Reign of Terror
lasted for a year: people were executed on suspicion of counterrevolution(anyone who was disloyal, not just the nobility). happened because Robespierre became obsessed with violence and executed too many people
Republic of Virtue
Robispierre’s downfall: he starts a new religion, the goddess of reason. Created a new list of enemies of the state but doesn’t say who is on the list. he soon dies from execution
Robespierre
created the guillotine
Rousseau
people are born innocent but corrupted by society, therefore a reform of society and education was needed
Sans-Culottes
peasants during the ancient regime
Scorched Earth Policy
russians burned moscow before the french could reach it
napoleon on a horse
“Napoleon crossing the alps” painted by David. Important because it showed off what the others couldn’t do
