Revision Summary Questions

Question 1

Name three organelles that are found in both animal and plant cells.

Answer 1

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm

Question 2

Name two organelles that are only found in plant cells and describe their functions.

Answer 2

• chloroplasts- filled with chlorophyll which is used in photosynthesis to make food for the plant.
• cell wall- rigid structure made of cellulose which surrounds the cell membrane to support and strengthen the cell.
• vacuole- contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts) to support the cell.

Question 3

What is a tissue?

Answer 3

A group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function.

Question 4

What is an organs and organ systems?

Answer 4

An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function and an organ system is a group of organs working together to do a job.

Question 5

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 5

Cellulose

Question 6

How do most animals store carbohydrate?

Answer 6

Glycogen

Question 7

Give two examples of fungi.

Answer 7

Yeast, Mucor, Mushroom

Question 8

Explain what is meant by the term “saprotrophic nutrition”

Answer 8

A fungus secretes extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food so they can then absorb the nutrients.

Question 9

Give two examples of protoctists.

Answer 9

Chlorella, Amoeba.

Question 10

Give three features of viruses.

Answer 10

• v.small
• only reproduce inside living cells
• infect all types of living organisms
• they come in loads of different shapes and sizes
• don’t have a cellular structure- only a protein coat around some genetic material

Question 11

What are pathogens? Give two examples of pathogens.

Answer 11

Organisms that cause disease.

Eg. Pneumococcus, Plasmodium, Influenza Virus.

Question 12

What name is given to biological catalysts?

Answer 12

Enzymes

Question 13

An enzyme with an optimum temperature of 37 degrees is heated to 60 degrees; suggest what will happen.

Answer 13

It will denature.

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 15

What is osmosis?

Answer 15

The bet movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

Question 16

Why are turgid cells important to plants?

Answer 16

As the turgor pressure (contents of cell pushing against the cell wall due to its high water concentration) helps support the plant tissues.

Question 17

What is active transport?

Answer 17

The net movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration.

Question 18

Describe how surface area to volume ratio effects the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Answer 18

Yeah rate of movement is higher on cells with a larger surface area to volume ratio.

Question 19

What are the eight basic characteristics that all living organisms share?

Answer 19

MRS GREN is a homo

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity

Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

Homeostasis

Question 20

Name the three main chemical elements that are found in carbohydrates.

Answer 20

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

Question 21

What type of biological molecules are made up of:

a) . Fatty acids and glycerol
b) . Amino acids

Answer 21

a) . Lipids

b) . Proteins

Question 22

Describe how you would use Benedicts reagent to test for glucose.

Answer 22

Add reagent to a sample and heat it (without boiling it) if glucose is present it will go brick red.

Question 23

What could you do to see if there is starch in a sample?

Answer 23

Add iodine solution- if present blue-black colour.

Question 24

Why does the body need proteins?

Answer 24

For growth and repair.

Question 25

What nutrients does the body get energy from?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates and lipids.

Question 26

What is the function of vitamin D and where do you get it from?

Answer 26

For calcium absorption- in eggs or produced whilst in the sunlight.

Question 27

What is me at by a balanced diet?

Answer 27

The supply of all essential nutrients in the right proportions.

Question 28

Explain how energy requirements vary in different people.

Answer 28

Activity level- active people need more energy.
Age- children and teens generally need more energy as they are more active and need to grow.
Pregnancy- pregnant women need more energy as they need to provide their babies energy to develop.