Revision Questions Flashcards
Which ligament holds the uterus in place?
Broad Ligament
Which structure passes through both the greater and lesser sciatic notches?
pudendal nerve
The pectinate line is a feature of which part of the intestines?
The anal canal
The tendinous arch of levator ani as a thickening of the which muscle fascia?
Obturator internis fascia
What is the root value of the pelvic splanchnic nerves?
S2, S3 and S4
Which ligament contains the ovarian vessels?
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Where does the majority of lymph from the seminal vesicles drain?
Internal iliac lymph nodes
Which structure provides an attachment site for the external anal sphincter?
Perineal Body
Which structures are found within the femoral sheath?
Femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics
Which muscle helps prevent lateral dislocation of the patella?
Vastus medius
Which structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
PIN and PINS:
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, inferior gluteal vessels and nerves, nerve to quadratus femoris, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, nerve to obturator internis, sciatic nerve
Which nerve provides motor innervation to tensor fascia latae?
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Which structure pierces the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Small saphenous vein
Where does peroneus brevis attach?
5th metatarsal
Where does abductor digiti minimi attach?
phalanx of 5th toe
Where does peroneus longus attach?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Where does tibialis anterior attach?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Where does tibialis posterior attach?
Navicular and medial cuneiform bones
Which muscle of the leg acts to unlock the knee?
Popliteus
Which nerves supply the sural nerve?
Formed from fibres of the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve
What is the innervation of extensor hallucis brevis?
Deep fibular nerve
What is the innervation of peroneus longus?
Superficial fibular nerve
What is the innervation of peroneus tertius?
Deep fibular nerve
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
What is the innervation of tibialis anterior
Deep fibular nerve
Which ligament of the knee is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus?
oblique popliteal ligament
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the skin between the first and second toes?
Deep peroneal nerve
Which muscle provides dynamic support for the transverse arch of the foot?
Abductor hallucis
Which artery is the inferior rectal a branch of?
Internal pudendal artery
Which artery is the inferior vesicle a branch of?
Anterior internal iliac
Which artery is the superior rectal a branch of?
inferior mesenteric artery
Which artery is the middle rectal a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
Which artery is the iliolumbar a branch of?
First branch of posterior trunk of internal iliac
Which artery is the umbilical a branch of?
Anterior division of internal iliac artery
Which artery is the internal pudendal a branch of?
anterior internal iliac
Which artery is the obturator a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
Which artery is the uterine a branch of?
Anterior internal iliac artery
Which artery is the first branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?
obturator artery
Which artery branches to form superior vesical arteries?
umbilical artery
Which artery passes into the ischioanal fossa?
inferior rectal artery
Which artery crosses directly superior to the ureter?
Uterine artery
Which renal structure passes anteriorly to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery?
Ureters - site of ureteric constriction
Which part of the male reproductive system releases fructose?
Seminal vesicles
Which reproductive structure is supplied by a direct branch of the abdominal aorta?
Ovary/Testes
Which urogenital structure contains the trigone?
Bladder
Which pelvic structure drains blood to both systemic and portal systems?
The rectum - upper 1/3 drains to portal system, lower 2/3 drain to internal iliac vein
Which muscle of the thigh are innervated by the common peroneal division of sciatic nerve?
Biceps Femoris (short head) - only motor branch
Which muscle of the thigh acts to flex the hip and extend the knee?
Rectus femoris
Which muscle of the thigh acts to extend the hip and flex the knee?
Biceps femoris
Which muscle of the thigh can flex both the hip and the knee?
Sartorius
Which muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
The profunda femoris artery runs deep to which muscle in the thigh?
Adductor longus
Which muscle of the thigh can receive innervation from both the femoral and obturator nerves?
Pectineus
Which artery travels deep to the soleus muscle?
posterior tibial artery
Which artery of the leg passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery passes through and becomes popliteal
Which artery of the leg gives rise to the dorsalis pedis?
Anterior tibial artery
Which artery of the leg gives anterior and posterior branches relative to the adductor brevis muscle?
obturator artery
Which artery of the leg forms the deep plantar arch?
Deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis) and lateral plantar artery
The saphenous nerve is a terminal cutaneous branch of which nerve?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to most of the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial peroneal nerve
Which nerve carries fibres from L1, L2 and L3 posterior rami?
superior cluneal nerves
Which nerve of the leg is a direct branch of the lumbar plexus?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
The medial and lateral plantar nerves are terminal branches of which nerve?
Tibial nerve
Which muscle overlies the crura?
Ischiocavernosus
Which muscle passes through the lesser sciatic notch?
Obturator Internus
Which pelvic/perineal muscle is composed of smooth muscle fibres?
Sphincter vesicae
Which is the most posterior muscle of the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus
Which part of the broad ligament is attached to the ovaries?
Mesovarium
Lymph from inferior to the pectinate line drains into which nodes?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What is the root value of the nerve to piriformis?
ventral roots of S1 - S2
What is the action of coccygeus?
pulls coccyx forward after defecation, closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis
What is the action of iliacus?
Flex and medially rotate the hip
What is the action of iliococcygeus?
Forms part of the levator ani muscle to support the pelvic viscera
What is the action of ischiocavernosus?
Assists the bulbospongiosus muscle (in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina)
What is the action of obturator internis?
Abducts & laterally rotates the extended hip and abducts the flexed thigh at the hip, and stabilizes the hip during walking
Which structures pass through the deep perineal pouch? (not muscles)
Membranous urethra in the male; proximal portion of urethra in the female
Bulbourethral gland (males).
Vagina
Lymph from the uterus drains to the superficial inguinal nodes via which structure?
Round ligament
Superior vesicle artery and artery of the ductus deferens are branches of which vessel?
Umbilical artery
Which vessel branches to form the perineal and inferior rectal arteries?
Internal pudendal artery
Which vessel is replaced by the uterine or vaginal arteries in females?
Inferior vesical artery
Which vessel passes through both the greater and lesser sciatic notches?
internal pudendal artery
Which artery supplies blood to the piriformis and the contents of the sacral canal?
lateral sacral artery
Which pelvic structure contains the ejaculatory duct?
prostate gland
Which structures combine to form the ejaculatory duct?
vas deferens and duct of seminal vesicle
Transverse folds and an ampulla are features of which structure in the pelvis/perineum?
The rectum
The bladder lies immediately posterior to which bony structure?
Pubic symphysis
The mesosalpinx supports which structure?
The uterine tube/fallopian tube
Which region of the GI tract drains into both the portal and systemic venous systems?
Anal canal
Which structures enter the bladder at the trigone?
Ureters
The inferior rectal is a branch of which vessel?
Internal pudendal artery
Which ligament carries lymph from the uterus to the superficial inguinal nodes?
Round ligament
Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
Which structure pierces the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Short saphenous vein
Which vessel branches to form the middle genicular artery?
Popliteal artery
Which structure is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus?
oblique popliteal ligament
Which muscle of the thigh can be supplied by both the obturator and sciatic nerves?
Adductor Magnus
Which thigh muscle helps prevent dislocation of patella?
vastus medialis
Which muscle lies immediately superior to the femoral artery?
Sartorius
Which muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?
pectineus and adductor longus medially, iliopsoas laterally
Which muscle acts to flex both the hip and the knee?
Sartorius
Which muscle forms the most posterior part of the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus
Which muscle is found at the posterior edge of the urogenital diaphragm?
Coccygeus
Which muscle attaches to the tendinous arch of the internal obturator fascia?
Iliococcygeus
Which muscle passes through the greater sciatic notch?
Piriformis
Which muscle supports the prostate gland?
Pubococcygeus
Where does the majority of lymph from the bladder drain?
External iliac lymph nodes
Which muscle creates a groove on the medial malleolus?
Tibialis posterior
Which muscle acts to flex the knee and the ankle?
gastrocnemius
Which muscle depresses the mandible?
Mylohyoid
Which nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the little toe?
Sural nerve
Which muscles attach to the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bones?
peroneus longus and tibialis anterior
Which artery passes beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinacula?
Anterior tibial artery
Which artery branches to form the fibular artery?
Popliteal
Which artery branches to form the lateral tarsal and arcuate arteries?
dorsalis pedis
Which artery runs between the inguinal ligament and the adductor hiatus?
femoral artery
Which muscle of the neck is crossed by the phrenic nerve?
Anterior scalene muscle
Which muscle is found in both the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle of the neck is innervated by C1 carried in the hypoglossal nerve?
Thyrohyoid
Which muscle forms the anterior border of the posterior triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid
True or False: the ischiocavernosus muscle is found in the superficial perineal pouch?
True
True or False: the Corpus cavernosum/corpus spongiosum is found in the superficial perineal pouch?
True
True or False: the iliococcygeus is found in the superficial perineal pouch?
False - the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscle are found in the superficial perineal pouch
Which vessels are found in the superficial perineal pouch?
Posterior scrotal or labial arteries, artery to bulb/vestibule, urethral artery
Where does the majority of lymph from the prostate gland drain to?
Internal iliac nodes
Which structure run alongside the sural nerve in the superficial fascia of the leg?
Small saphenous vein
Which muscles medially rotate the tibia on the femur?
Semitendinosus
Which muscles are attached to the ischial spine?
superior gemellus, levator ani and coccygeus
The sphenoid bone forms the medial boundary of which anatomical space?
Optic canal
Which cranial nerve crosses the cavernous venous sinus with the internal carotid artery?
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Which cranial nerve carries sensory fibres from the skin of the mandible?
Mandibular division of trigeminal CN V3
Which cranial nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial Nerve CN VII
Which cranial nerves arise from the midbrain?
Occulomotor and Trochlear
Which cranial nerve sends parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal
Which venous structure forms a groove in the occipital bone?
Transverse Sinus
Which venous structure unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein?
maxillary vein
Which venous structure crosses the anterior surface of sternocleidomastoid?
external jugular vein
Which venous structure is found within the carotid sheath?
Internal jugular vein
Which venous structure surrounds the body of the sphenoid bone?
pterygoid plexus
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
Extension and external rotation of thigh
What is the action of gluteus medius?
Abduction and internal rotation of thigh
What is the action of pectineus?
flexion and adduction of thigh
What is the action of rectus femoris?
Thigh flexion and knee extension
What is the action of sartorius?
Flexion of hip and knee
Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the majority of the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial peroneal
Which muscles attach to the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Psoas major and iliacus (iliopsoas)
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to most of the extraocular muscles?
Oculomotor supplies all except superior oblique (supplied by trochlear) and lateral rectus (supplied by abducens)
Where does the majority of lymph from the cervix drain?
External iliac
Which cranial foramina allows maxillary division of trigeminal to enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
Foramen rotundum
Which cranial foramina allows the vertebral arteries to enter the skull?
foramen magnum
Which cranial foramina connects the middle cranial fossa and infratemporal fossa?
Foramen ovale
Which cranial foramina allows the internal carotid artery to pass through into its superior part?
Foramen lacerum
Which cranial foramina allows 4 cranial nerves to pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
Where does the atypical first rib articulate?
body of T1 (head), transverse process of T1 (tubercle), manubrium of sternum
Why does the first rib have grooves on its superior surface?
grooves where it is crossed by subclavian artery and vein, separated by a tubercle where the anterior scalene muscle attaches
What is the pulmonary ligament?
Sleeve of pleura which hangs below the lung root to allow expansion of the pulmonary vessels
Which arteries of the heart are the following veins associated with:
Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Great cardiac runs with anterior interventricular artery, small cardiac runs with right marginal artery, middle cardiac runs with posterior interventricular artery
Which veins drain the wall of the right atrium?
Anterior cardiac veins - open directly into right atrium
Where does the oesophagus begin?
C6
Where does the oesophagus constrict?
At the arch of aorta, left bronchus and diaphragm
What is the scrotum?
Outpouching of the layers of the abdominal wall whihc contains the testes, epididymis and lower end of spermatic cord
Which layers form the scrotum?
Superficial layer is colles fascia and dartos muscle, deeper layers are external fascia (from external oblique), cremaster muscle (from internal oblique) and internal fascia (from transversalis fascia)
Where does lymph from the scrotum drain?
Superficial inguinal nodes
What is the lesser omentum?
Double layer of peritoneum passing from liver to lesser curvature of stomach and first part of duodenum
What are the other names for the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
Which structures are contained in the free edge of the lesser omentum?
Hepatic artery (left) bile duct (right) and portal vein (posterior)
The lesser omentum boundaries which spaces?
the lesser sac
forms anterior boundary of omental foramen
Which ribs protect the spleen?
9-11
where does the splenic artery arise from?
coeliac axis, then runs along the body and tail of pancreas
Where does venous drainage of the spleen run?
through the splenic vein along the posterior surface of the pancreas to join the superior mesenteric vein and form the portal vein
Describe the parasympathetic nervous system
Craniosacral outflow (CN III, VII, IX and X, S2-S4) Rest and Digest
What are the parasympathetic influences of the cranial nerves?
CN III - pupil constriction and accommodation, CN VII - submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, palatine glands, CN IX - parotid gland, CN X - viscera of thorax and abdomen (Up to 2/3rds along transverse colon)
Where does rectus abdominis run between?
pubic bone to 5th costal cartilage on either side
What separates the medial and lateral margins of rectus abdominis?
Medial margins by linea alba, lateral margins form linea semilunaris
What is the arterial supply of rectus abdominis?
Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
What is the function of rectus abdominis?
flexion of trunk, supports abdominal wall
What is the innervation of rectus abdominis?
Lower 6 thoracic nerves (intercostal)
What are the ureters?
Smooth muscle tubes transmitting urine from kidneys to bladder
Which muscle do the ureters pass in the abdomen?
They lie on the surface of psoas, retroperitoneally
Which significant structure do the ureters contact on their path to the bladder?
Cross the bifurcation of the common iliac artery and pass on lateral wall of pelvis to base of bladder at trigone
Where are the ureters constricted?
junction with renal pelvis, pelvic brim and as they enter the bladder
What is the arterial and venous supply of the ureters?
Arterial from renal, gonadal and superior vesical arteries, blood drains to equivalent veins
What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?
Raise the ribs on inspiration
What is the function of the papillary muscles?
Prevent valve prolapse
Which structures pass through the aortic opening of the diaphragm?
Aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct
Which region of the duodenum is associated with the head of pancreas?
2nd part of duodenum
Where does lymph from the gallbladder drain?
Cystic/Hepatic/Coeliac/Pre-aortic T12 lymph nodes
Which nerve type is found in the dorsal root ganglion?
Sensory nerve cell bodies
Which vessels supply the greater curvature of the stomach?
Right gastro-epiploic artery
Which artery gives anterior intercostal branches to intercostal spaces 7-9?
Musculophrenic artery
The tubercle of a typical rib articulates with what?
The transverse process of its own vertebrae
In the mid-clavicular line, the parietal pleura extends to which level?
rib 8
which chamber forms the apex of the heart?
left ventricle
which valve prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium?
tricuspid valve
Which is the third branch of the arch of aorta?
left subclavian artery
True or false: the thoracic duct is found in more than one mediastinal compartment?
True
Which structure is most anterior at the lung root?
Pulmonary vein
Which vessel crosses the diaphragm at T8?
IVC
Where does lymph from the lungs drain?
Carinal, hilar, pulmonary and superior tracheobronchial nodes
True or false: lymph from the lungs drains to the axillary nodes?
FALSE
Which muscle is the superficial inguinal ring an opening in?
Aponeurosis of external oblique
Which rib does quadratus lumborum attach to?
12th rib
Which vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate at?
L4
Which artery is contained within the gastrosplenic ligament
short gastric artery
What is the root value of the genitofemoral nerve?
L1,L2
Which fascia attaches to the posterior part of the perineal membrane?
Scarpa’s Fascia
Which region of the intestine features numerous plicae circularis?
Jejunum
Which structure is most posterior at the hilum of the right kidney?
Ureter
Which is the largest direct branch of the coeliac axis?
Splenic
Where is pain from the stomach referred to?
Epigastric region
Which intercostal muscles can both raise and depress the ribs?
Internal intercostal
Which ventricle is the moderator band found in?
right ventricle
Which feature separates the muscluar and smooth parts of the wall of the right atrium?
crista terminalis
the pectinate muscle is a feature of which chamber?
left auricle
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
in the crista terminalis of the right atrium
Which is the most anterior structure in the superior mediastinum?
thymus
which structure crosses the diaphragm at T10
oesophagus
which mediastinum is the ascending aorta found in?
middle mediastinum
Where does the azygous vein drain to?
superior vena cava
Which structure does vagus form a plexus on?
oesophagus
which muscle attaches to the pubic bone, xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7?
rectus abdominis
Which muscle forms the majority of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
external oblique
Which nerve innervates iliacus?
femoral nerve
which abdominal muscle is sometimes absent?
pyramidalis
The fascia over which muscle forms the lateral arcuate ligament?
quadratus lumborum
Which artery is a communication between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries?
Marginal
Which artery branches to form the right gastroepiploic artery?
gastroduodenal
Left colic is a branch of which artery?
Inferior mesenteric
Which artery supplies blood to the caecum?
ileocolic
Which abdominal viscera is related to 9th costal cartilage?
gallbladder
Which abdominal viscera is entirely retroperitoneal?
kidney
Which abdominal viscera is the site of proximal attachment for greater omentum?
stomach
Which abdominal viscera is the junction of foregut to midgut?
duodenum
Which abdominal viscera is a site of portal systemic anastomosis?
rectum
Which foramen does the mandibular branch of trigeminal pass through?
foramen ovale
which nerve supplies motor innervation to buccinator?
facial
which nerve supplies the forehead and bridge of nose with sensory innervation?
ophthalmic division of trigeminal
Which cranial nerve passes through the middle of the cavernous venous sinus with the internal carotid artery?
Abducens
Which cranial nerve is present in the neck, thorax and abdomen?
vagus
The superficial temporal vein drains into which major vein?
External jugular vein
Which muscle acts to retract the mandible?
temporalis
The lingual is a branch of which artery?
External carotid artery
Which muscle is pierced by the parotid duct?
Buccinator
which foramen does glossopharyngeal pass through?
jugular foramen
Which nerve root values contribute to ansa cervicalis?
C1-C3
Which muscle of the neck elevates the hyoid bone?
Stylohyoid
Which muscle is supplied with motor innervation from both obturator and sciatic nerves?
Adductor magnus
WHich muscle attaches to the tendon of flexor digitorum longus?
quadratus plantae
Which muscle acts to dorsiflex the ankle and invert the foot?
tibialis anterior
Which muscle acts to flex the hip and extend the knee?
rectus femoris
which nerve provides motor innervation to peroneus brevis?
superficial fibular nerve
Which muscle forms the posterior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle forms part of the content of both the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Omohyoid
Which nerve innervates rectus capitis posterior minor?
C1
Which muscle acts to depress the mandible/floor of the mouth?
Mylohyoid
Which muscle attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible?
Temporalis
Which cranial nerve provides secretomotor parasympathetic fibres to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Which bone forms the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
Mandible
What is the root value of the obturator nerve?
L2-L4
Which artery does dorsalis pedis arise from?
Anterior tibial artery
Which muscle originates on the ischial tuberosity and attaches onto the intertrochanteric crest of the femur?
Quadratus femoris
Which direction does sartorius rotate the hip?
lateral rotation
Which nerve provides motor innervation to gracilis?
Obturator
Which nerve provides innervation to flexor digitorum brevis?
medial plantar nerve
Where does the majority of lymph from the cervix drain?
internal iliac lymph nodes
Where does lymph from the superior parts of the rectum drain?
Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes
Which lymph nodes drain the ovary, fundus of uterus and uterine tube?
aortic nodes
Which nodes receive lymph from the anal canal below the pectinate line?
superficial inguinal
Which nodes drain lymph from the glans of the penis?
Deep inguinal nodes
Which spinal levels does the sympathetic nervous system arise from?
T1-L1/2 lateral horns
Which levels of the sympathetic nervous system uses white rami communicantes?
White rami communicantes from spinal nerves T12-L1/2 to the sympathetic chain
Which levels of the sympathetic nervous system uses grey rami communicantes?
grey rami communicantes from spinal nerves T1-L1/2 to sympathetic chain
Which structures pass through the superficial inguinal ring?
spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve (males) or round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve (females) genital part of genitofemoral nerve in all
Which chamber forms the base of the heart?
Left atrium
What are the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum?
transverse thoracic plane (T4/5) to the diaphragm, posterior to the pericardium and anterior to the bodies of T5-T12
Which structures are found within the posterior mediastinum?
descending thoracic aorta, lymphatic duct, azygous and hemi-azygous veins, oesophagus and oesophageal plexus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Membranous fascia of anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus is called?
Scarpa’s fascia
Lymph from superficial anterior abdominal wall above umbilicus drains to which nodes?
axillary nodes
Ventral ramus supplies?
Anterior and lateral body walls and the limbs
Is rotation possible at the wrist joint?
No
Which anatomical space lies posterior to the stomach?
Lesser sac
Which artery gives anterior intercostal branches to intercostal spaces 7-9?
musculophrenic artery
The costal cartilage of which rib articulates with the sternum at the manubriosternal angle?
Rib 2
in the mid-axillary line the parietal pleura extends to which level?
rib 10
Which structure is a surface marker for T10 dermatome?
Umbilicus
Which structure is the deep inguinal ring an opening in?
Transversalis fascia
Which muscle’s only action is to tense the linea alba?
pyramidalis
which fissure separates the middle and lower lobes of the right lung?
Oblique fissure
Which surface of the lungs features the cardiac impression?
Mediastinal surface
Which region of the left lung is analogous to the middle lobe of the right lung?
Lingula
Which region of the lung are the visceral and parietal pleura continuous?
Hilum
Which feature is unique to the right lung?
transverse fissure
vagus nerve accompanies which structure across the diaphragm?
oesophagus
Which nerve enters the abdomen by passing behind the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?
Least splanchnic nerve
Which structure passes through an opening in the central tendon of the diaphragm?
inferior vena cava
Which direction do fibres of the external oblique run?
Anterior inferior from ribs 5-12 to the linea alba and iliac crest
Which structure forms the ganglion impar at the coccyx?
sympathetic chain
What is the motor innervation of external oblique?
T7-T12 anterior rami
Which paracolic gutter contains the descending colon?
Left paracolic gutter
Is the descending colon part of the midgut?
No, it is a hindgut structure
What is the arterial supply of the descending colon?
Inferior mesenteric artery via left colic and sigmoidal
Where does blood from the descending colon drain to?
inferior mesenteric vein (to spenic then hepatic portal)
Where is innervation to the descending colon from?
Superior hypogastric plexus
Which muscle is supplied by the genital branch of genitofemoral, and sensory innervation to which skin?
Genital branch supplies motor innervation to the the cremaster muscle and sensory innervation to the skin of the scrotum/labia majora
The femoral branch of genitofemoral provides sensory innervation where??
Medial thigh
What are the layers of the spermatic cord from?
External and internal oblique fascia and transversalis fascia (form the external, cremaster and internal spermatic fasciae respectively)
What is the contents of the spermatic cord?
testicular artery, pampiniform venous plexus, vas deferens, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, ANS fibres and the artery of vas deferens
Which level of the abdominal aorta does the splenic artery arise from?
T12 at coeliac axis
What are the main branches of the splenic artery?
branches to the greater curvature of the stomach and greater omentum (left gastroepiploic), dorsal pancreatic branches, short gastric branches to the fundus of the stomach
What are the boundaries of the inferior mediastinum?
Divided into middle, anterior and posterior
Lies behind the body of the sternum and anterior to the lower 8 thoracic vertebrae
What is the anterior mediastinum?
Space between the pericadium and the sternum, contains the thymus
What is the posterior mediastinum?
Space between the pericardium and the vertebral column containing the oesophagus, thoracic duct, descending aorta and sympathetic chains
What is the proximal attachment of the greater omentum?
Greater curvature of stomach
What is contained within cisterna chyli?
Lymphatic fluid
What type of joint are the IV discs?
Secondary cartilaginous
Name two structures attaching to the ASIS?
inguinal ligament and sartorius
Which part of the colon is intraperitoneal?
Transverse colon
Which layer of the abdomen forms the cremasteric muscle layer of the scrotum?
Internal oblique
Where does lymph from the jejunum drain?
pre-aortic nodes at L1
Which ligament lies between the left and right lobes of the liver?
Falciform ligament
Which nerve passes through the superficial inguinal ring but not the deep inguinal ring?
Ilioinguinal nerve
Which gastric vein drains directly into the hepatic portal vein?
Left gastric
What is the root value of the iliohypogastric nerve?
L1
Which major coronary vessel is a direct branch of the left coronary artery
anterior interventricular artery
Which nerve crosses the diaphragm at T10?
Vagus nerve
Which muscle lies immediately superficial to the neurovascular plane of the thoracic wall?
Internal intercostal
How many ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
14
Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
Which nerve passes through both the superficial and deep inguinal rings?
Genitofemoral nerve
Which fibres are contained in the pelvic splanchnic nerve?
Parasympathetic fibres
Which nerve carries only T12 anterior rami fibres?
Subcostal nerve
Which nerve supplies motor innervation to the cremaster muscles?
Genitofemoral
Fascia above which muscle contributes to the lateral arcuate ligament?
Psoas
Which muscle forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath?
external oblique
Which organ forms the pyloric antrum?
Stomach
Which organ is the junction between foregut and midgut?
Duodenum
the circumflex is a branch of which artery?
left coronary artery
Which artery runs alongside the middle cardiac vein?
posterior interventricular artery
Which vessel carries blood from the right ventricle?
pulmonary trunk
Which artery supplies parts of both the left and right ventricles?
Posterior interventricular artery
Which artery runs alongside the small cardiac vein?
Right marginal artery
Which nerve is associated with the arch of aorta?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which thoracic wall muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?
serratus anterior
Which thoracic wall muscle has interosseous and interchondral parts?
Internal interosseous
Which thoracic wall muscle lies deep to the internal thoracic vessels?
transversus thoracis
Which thoracic wall muscle has an attachment on the coracoid process of the scapula?
pectoralis minor
Which thoracic wall muscle is located close to the angle of the ribs, spanning one or two intercostal spaces?
subcostal
The inferior petrosal sinus is transmitted by which foramen?
Jugular Foramen
The middle meningeal artery is transmitted by which foramen?
Foramen Spinosum
Which foramen communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa?
Foramen Rotundum
Which foramen opens within the occipital bone?
Jugular foramen
Which bone contains the middle ear?
Temporal Bones
Which bone gives attachment to the tensor (veli) palatini?
Sphenoid bone (pterygoid plate)
Which bone gives attachment to the falx cerebri?
Crista Gali of ethmoid bone
Which bone gives attachment to the superior constrictor of pharynx?
Pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Which cranial nerves contribute motor fibres to the pharyngeal plexus?
CN IX, X and XI
Which cranial nerve travels in the wall of the cavernous sinus?
CN III, IV and V1
Which cranial nerve has the greater petrosal nerve as a branch?
Facial nerve
Which muscle abducts the vocal ligament?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Which muscle is attached to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage?
Thyrohyoid and inferior constrictor
Which muscle attaches to the pterygomandibular raphe?
Superior constrictor
Which muscle increases the length of the vocal cords?
Cricothyroid
