Revision Questions Flashcards
Which ligament holds the uterus in place?
Broad Ligament
Which structure passes through both the greater and lesser sciatic notches?
pudendal nerve
The pectinate line is a feature of which part of the intestines?
The anal canal
The tendinous arch of levator ani as a thickening of the which muscle fascia?
Obturator internis fascia
What is the root value of the pelvic splanchnic nerves?
S2, S3 and S4
Which ligament contains the ovarian vessels?
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Where does the majority of lymph from the seminal vesicles drain?
Internal iliac lymph nodes
Which structure provides an attachment site for the external anal sphincter?
Perineal Body
Which structures are found within the femoral sheath?
Femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics
Which muscle helps prevent lateral dislocation of the patella?
Vastus medius
Which structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
PIN and PINS:
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, inferior gluteal vessels and nerves, nerve to quadratus femoris, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, nerve to obturator internis, sciatic nerve
Which nerve provides motor innervation to tensor fascia latae?
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Which structure pierces the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Small saphenous vein
Where does peroneus brevis attach?
5th metatarsal
Where does abductor digiti minimi attach?
phalanx of 5th toe
Where does peroneus longus attach?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Where does tibialis anterior attach?
Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Where does tibialis posterior attach?
Navicular and medial cuneiform bones
Which muscle of the leg acts to unlock the knee?
Popliteus
Which nerves supply the sural nerve?
Formed from fibres of the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve
What is the innervation of extensor hallucis brevis?
Deep fibular nerve
What is the innervation of peroneus longus?
Superficial fibular nerve
What is the innervation of peroneus tertius?
Deep fibular nerve
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
What is the innervation of tibialis anterior
Deep fibular nerve
Which ligament of the knee is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus?
oblique popliteal ligament
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the skin between the first and second toes?
Deep peroneal nerve
Which muscle provides dynamic support for the transverse arch of the foot?
Abductor hallucis
Which artery is the inferior rectal a branch of?
Internal pudendal artery
Which artery is the inferior vesicle a branch of?
Anterior internal iliac
Which artery is the superior rectal a branch of?
inferior mesenteric artery
Which artery is the middle rectal a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
Which artery is the iliolumbar a branch of?
First branch of posterior trunk of internal iliac
Which artery is the umbilical a branch of?
Anterior division of internal iliac artery
Which artery is the internal pudendal a branch of?
anterior internal iliac
Which artery is the obturator a branch of?
Internal iliac artery
Which artery is the uterine a branch of?
Anterior internal iliac artery
Which artery is the first branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?
obturator artery
Which artery branches to form superior vesical arteries?
umbilical artery
Which artery passes into the ischioanal fossa?
inferior rectal artery
Which artery crosses directly superior to the ureter?
Uterine artery
Which renal structure passes anteriorly to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery?
Ureters - site of ureteric constriction
Which part of the male reproductive system releases fructose?
Seminal vesicles
Which reproductive structure is supplied by a direct branch of the abdominal aorta?
Ovary/Testes
Which urogenital structure contains the trigone?
Bladder
Which pelvic structure drains blood to both systemic and portal systems?
The rectum - upper 1/3 drains to portal system, lower 2/3 drain to internal iliac vein
Which muscle of the thigh are innervated by the common peroneal division of sciatic nerve?
Biceps Femoris (short head) - only motor branch
Which muscle of the thigh acts to flex the hip and extend the knee?
Rectus femoris
Which muscle of the thigh acts to extend the hip and flex the knee?
Biceps femoris
Which muscle of the thigh can flex both the hip and the knee?
Sartorius
Which muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
The profunda femoris artery runs deep to which muscle in the thigh?
Adductor longus
Which muscle of the thigh can receive innervation from both the femoral and obturator nerves?
Pectineus
Which artery travels deep to the soleus muscle?
posterior tibial artery
Which artery of the leg passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery passes through and becomes popliteal
Which artery of the leg gives rise to the dorsalis pedis?
Anterior tibial artery
Which artery of the leg gives anterior and posterior branches relative to the adductor brevis muscle?
obturator artery
Which artery of the leg forms the deep plantar arch?
Deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis) and lateral plantar artery
The saphenous nerve is a terminal cutaneous branch of which nerve?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to most of the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial peroneal nerve
Which nerve carries fibres from L1, L2 and L3 posterior rami?
superior cluneal nerves
Which nerve of the leg is a direct branch of the lumbar plexus?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
The medial and lateral plantar nerves are terminal branches of which nerve?
Tibial nerve
Which muscle overlies the crura?
Ischiocavernosus
Which muscle passes through the lesser sciatic notch?
Obturator Internus
Which pelvic/perineal muscle is composed of smooth muscle fibres?
Sphincter vesicae
Which is the most posterior muscle of the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus
Which part of the broad ligament is attached to the ovaries?
Mesovarium
Lymph from inferior to the pectinate line drains into which nodes?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What is the root value of the nerve to piriformis?
ventral roots of S1 - S2
What is the action of coccygeus?
pulls coccyx forward after defecation, closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis
What is the action of iliacus?
Flex and medially rotate the hip
What is the action of iliococcygeus?
Forms part of the levator ani muscle to support the pelvic viscera
What is the action of ischiocavernosus?
Assists the bulbospongiosus muscle (in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina)
What is the action of obturator internis?
Abducts & laterally rotates the extended hip and abducts the flexed thigh at the hip, and stabilizes the hip during walking
Which structures pass through the deep perineal pouch? (not muscles)
Membranous urethra in the male; proximal portion of urethra in the female
Bulbourethral gland (males).
Vagina
Lymph from the uterus drains to the superficial inguinal nodes via which structure?
Round ligament
Superior vesicle artery and artery of the ductus deferens are branches of which vessel?
Umbilical artery
Which vessel branches to form the perineal and inferior rectal arteries?
Internal pudendal artery
Which vessel is replaced by the uterine or vaginal arteries in females?
Inferior vesical artery
Which vessel passes through both the greater and lesser sciatic notches?
internal pudendal artery
Which artery supplies blood to the piriformis and the contents of the sacral canal?
lateral sacral artery
Which pelvic structure contains the ejaculatory duct?
prostate gland
Which structures combine to form the ejaculatory duct?
vas deferens and duct of seminal vesicle
Transverse folds and an ampulla are features of which structure in the pelvis/perineum?
The rectum
The bladder lies immediately posterior to which bony structure?
Pubic symphysis
The mesosalpinx supports which structure?
The uterine tube/fallopian tube
Which region of the GI tract drains into both the portal and systemic venous systems?
Anal canal
Which structures enter the bladder at the trigone?
Ureters
The inferior rectal is a branch of which vessel?
Internal pudendal artery
Which ligament carries lymph from the uterus to the superficial inguinal nodes?
Round ligament
Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
Which structure pierces the roof of the popliteal fossa?
Short saphenous vein
Which vessel branches to form the middle genicular artery?
Popliteal artery
Which structure is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus?
oblique popliteal ligament
Which muscle of the thigh can be supplied by both the obturator and sciatic nerves?
Adductor Magnus
Which thigh muscle helps prevent dislocation of patella?
vastus medialis
Which muscle lies immediately superior to the femoral artery?
Sartorius
Which muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?
pectineus and adductor longus medially, iliopsoas laterally
Which muscle acts to flex both the hip and the knee?
Sartorius
Which muscle forms the most posterior part of the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus
Which muscle is found at the posterior edge of the urogenital diaphragm?
Coccygeus
Which muscle attaches to the tendinous arch of the internal obturator fascia?
Iliococcygeus
Which muscle passes through the greater sciatic notch?
Piriformis
Which muscle supports the prostate gland?
Pubococcygeus
Where does the majority of lymph from the bladder drain?
External iliac lymph nodes
Which muscle creates a groove on the medial malleolus?
Tibialis posterior
Which muscle acts to flex the knee and the ankle?
gastrocnemius
Which muscle depresses the mandible?
Mylohyoid
Which nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the little toe?
Sural nerve
Which muscles attach to the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bones?
peroneus longus and tibialis anterior
Which artery passes beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinacula?
Anterior tibial artery
Which artery branches to form the fibular artery?
Popliteal
Which artery branches to form the lateral tarsal and arcuate arteries?
dorsalis pedis
Which artery runs between the inguinal ligament and the adductor hiatus?
femoral artery
Which muscle of the neck is crossed by the phrenic nerve?
Anterior scalene muscle
Which muscle is found in both the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle of the neck is innervated by C1 carried in the hypoglossal nerve?
Thyrohyoid
Which muscle forms the anterior border of the posterior triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid
True or False: the ischiocavernosus muscle is found in the superficial perineal pouch?
True
True or False: the Corpus cavernosum/corpus spongiosum is found in the superficial perineal pouch?
True
True or False: the iliococcygeus is found in the superficial perineal pouch?
False - the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscle are found in the superficial perineal pouch
Which vessels are found in the superficial perineal pouch?
Posterior scrotal or labial arteries, artery to bulb/vestibule, urethral artery
Where does the majority of lymph from the prostate gland drain to?
Internal iliac nodes
Which structure run alongside the sural nerve in the superficial fascia of the leg?
Small saphenous vein
Which muscles medially rotate the tibia on the femur?
Semitendinosus
Which muscles are attached to the ischial spine?
superior gemellus, levator ani and coccygeus
The sphenoid bone forms the medial boundary of which anatomical space?
Optic canal
Which cranial nerve crosses the cavernous venous sinus with the internal carotid artery?
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Which cranial nerve carries sensory fibres from the skin of the mandible?
Mandibular division of trigeminal CN V3
Which cranial nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial Nerve CN VII
Which cranial nerves arise from the midbrain?
Occulomotor and Trochlear
Which cranial nerve sends parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal
Which venous structure forms a groove in the occipital bone?
Transverse Sinus
Which venous structure unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein?
maxillary vein
Which venous structure crosses the anterior surface of sternocleidomastoid?
external jugular vein
Which venous structure is found within the carotid sheath?
Internal jugular vein
Which venous structure surrounds the body of the sphenoid bone?
pterygoid plexus
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
Extension and external rotation of thigh
What is the action of gluteus medius?
Abduction and internal rotation of thigh
What is the action of pectineus?
flexion and adduction of thigh
What is the action of rectus femoris?
Thigh flexion and knee extension
What is the action of sartorius?
Flexion of hip and knee
Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the majority of the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial peroneal
