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BMSc Anatomy > Formatives - Sem 1 > Flashcards

Formatives - Sem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the duodenum run?

A

In c-shape from pyloric valve to jejunum

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2
Q

What is the first part of the duodenum and what does is receive?

A

Dudoenal cap, fluids from stomach

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3
Q

What are the features of the second part of the duodenum?

A

Recieves secretions from the main pancreatic duct and bile duct opening at the hepatoduodenal ampulla of Vater

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4
Q

Which vessles does the third part of the duodenum cross?

A

Superior mesenteric vessels as it crosses the mesentery

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?

A

Gastroduodenal (from hepatic) and superior mesenteric arteries

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6
Q

Where does lymph from the duodenum go?

A

pre-aortic nodes at T12 L1

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7
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Oblique passage through anterior abdominal wall for structures to pass from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum/labia majora

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8
Q

Where does the inguinal canal begin and end?

A

Deep inguinal ring (defect in transversalis fascia) to superficial inguinal ring (defect in aponeurosis of external oblique)

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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior wall is external oblique, lateral is internal oblique, roof is internal oblique and transversus abdominis, floor is inguinal ligament, posterior wall is transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

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10
Q

What is the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord (male) or round ligament (female) and ilioinguinal nerve

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11
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta branch to give rise to the renal arteries?

A

L1

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12
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta branch to give rise to the gonadal arteries?

A

L2

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13
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta branch to give rise to the inferior phrenic artery?

A

T12

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14
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta branch to give rise to the lumbar arteries?

A

L1-L5

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15
Q

Where does quadratus lumborum muscle attach?

A

Iliac crest and 12th rib, L1-L4 transverse processes

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16
Q

Which nerves supply quadratus lumborum?

A

T12-L4 anterior rami for motor innervation

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17
Q

What is the action of quadratus lumborum?

A

Unilateral - bends trunk to same side

Bilateral - assists in forced expiration and supports 12th rib

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18
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

double layer of peritoneum passing between liver and lesser curvature of stomach

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19
Q

What are the other names for the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

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20
Q

What is contained in the free edge of the lesser omentum?

A

hepatic artery, bile duct and portal vein

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21
Q

What is the sympathetic chain?

A

System of interconnected ganglia on either side of vertebral column

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22
Q

Where does the sympathetic chain run?

A

From cervical ganglia in the neck through the thorax and abdomen to the ganglion impar on the surface of the sacrum/coccyx

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23
Q

What does the sympathetic chain do?

A

Acts as a pathway for sympathetic fibres from spinal cord (via white rami communicans at T1-L1/2) to pass into the spinal nerves and body viscera via grey rami communicans

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24
Q

What type of joint is the manubriosternal?

A

secondary cartilaginous

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25
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior intercostal arteries run?

A

In costal groove in intercostal space

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26
Q

Where do the 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries arise from?

A

A branch of the costocervical trunk from subclavian (the supreme intercostal artery)

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27
Q

Where do posterior intercostal arteries 3-11 and subcostal arise from?

A

Direct from descending aorta

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28
Q

Describe the branches of internal thoracic artery?

A

Gives off first 6 anterior intercostal arteries then terminates as superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries

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29
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior intercostal arteries to intercostal spaces 7-9?

A

Musculophrenic artery

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30
Q

Which atrium forms the base of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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31
Q

What are the musculi pectinati of the left atrium?

A

Muscular ridges

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32
Q

Which valve prevents reflux of blood from left ventricle to left atrium?

A

Mitral valve

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33
Q

Where do the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves pass through the diaphragm?

A

Greater and lesser through openings in crura at T12, least with sympathetic trunks passes behind medial arcuate ligament at T12

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34
Q

Which nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the transverse colon?

A

Vagus

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35
Q

Which nerves innervate the internal oblique muscle?

A

Anterior rami of T7-L1

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36
Q

What is the root value of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3-5

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37
Q

Which vessel runs alongside the small cardiac vein?

A

Right marginal artery

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38
Q

Which structure is most posterior at the right renal hilum?

A

Ureter

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39
Q

What is the root value of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

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40
Q

Which layer of the anterior abdominal wall is only found between the umbilicus and the pubic bone?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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41
Q

Which artery supplies the descending colon?

A

Left colic artery

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42
Q

Which lobes of the liver does the gallbladder lie between?

A

Right lobe and quadrate lobe

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43
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein drains directly into which structure?

A

splenic vein

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44
Q

Where is the junction between midgut and hindgut?

A

Transverse colon

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45
Q

Which muscle lies immediately superficial to the neurovascular plane in the thorax?

A

Internal intercostal

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46
Q

Which is the primary muscle of respiration at rest?

A

diaphragm

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47
Q

Which structure allows expansion of the pulmonary vessels?

A

Pulmonary ligament

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48
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the lungs is where?

A

Hilar nodes

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49
Q

What initiates heart beat?

A

Sinoatrial node

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50
Q

Which artery supplies 2/3rds of the interventricular septum of the heart?

A

Posterior interventricular artery

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51
Q

Which is the first branch of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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52
Q

The carina of the trachea is at which vertebral level?

A

T4/5

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53
Q

Which muscle forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

External oblique

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54
Q

Which muscle is found inferior to the medial arcuate ligament?

A

psoas

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55
Q

which muscle attaches to ribs 5-7, the pubic tubercle and the xiphoid process?

A

rectus abdominis

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56
Q

what lies posterior to rectus abdominis after the arcuate line?

A

transversalis fascia

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57
Q

which muscle’s ONLY function is to tense the linea alba?

A

pyramidalis

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58
Q

which artery passes in the lineorenal ligament?

A

splenic artery

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59
Q

left gastric is a direct branch of?

A

coeliac axis

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60
Q

Which artery forms the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

gastroduodenal artery

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61
Q

Which artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

left gastro-epiploic

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62
Q

where does lymph from the stomach drain?

A

pre-aortic T12

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63
Q

What is the cisterna chyli continuous with?

A

thoracic duct

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64
Q

Where does lymph from the sigmoid colon drain?

A

pre-aortic nodes at L3

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65
Q

What colour lymph may be found in the intestinal trunk?

A

milky-white lymph

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66
Q

where does lymph from the superficial layers of the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus drain?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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67
Q

Which muscle of the thoracic wall primarily acts to raise the ribs on inspiration?

A

external intercostal

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68
Q

Which muscle of the thoracic wall recieves motor innervation from the long thoracic nerve?

A

serratus anterior

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69
Q

Which muscle of the thoracic wall has fibres radiating from the lateral borders of the sternum?

A

transversus thoracic

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70
Q

Which muscle of the thoracic wall is innervated only by the medial pectoral nerve?

A

pectoralis minor

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71
Q

Which muscle of the thoracic wall can act to both raise and depress the ribs?

A

internal intercostal

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72
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A

crista terminalis

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73
Q

The moderator band is unique to which chamber of the heart?

A

right ventricle

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74
Q

what are the muscular ridges in the wall of the left ventricle?

A

trabeculae carneae

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75
Q

Which structure is the origin of the coronary arteries?

A

aorta

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76
Q

which structures attach to the margins of the cuspid valves?

A

chordae tendineae

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77
Q

Which mediastinum is the thoracic aorta found in?

A

posterior mediastinum

78
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain to?

A

Superior vena cava

79
Q

Which arterial structure is associated with the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

arch of aorta

80
Q

the oesophagus lies immediately posterior to which structure?

A

trachea

81
Q

Which vessel is found in both the superior and middle mediastinum?

A

superior vena cava

82
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system originate?

A

lateral horn of the spinal cord between T1-L1/2

83
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

triangular opening in the aponeurosis of external oblique close to the pubic bones which allows passage of the spermatic cord/round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve and the genital part of genitofemoral

84
Q

Pump handle movement applies to which ribs?

A

1-6 and sternum

85
Q

Bucket handle movement applies to which ribs?

A

7-12

86
Q

Where is the pampiniform venous plexus connected to?

A

testis

87
Q

Lymph from the superficial anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus drains where?

A

Axillary nodes

88
Q

what does the ventral ramus supply?

A

anterior and lateral body wall and limbs

89
Q

What is the space posterior to the stomach?

A

lesser sac

90
Q

Which artery gives anterior intercostal branches to spaces 7-9?

A

musculophrenic

91
Q

costal cartilage of which rib articulates with sternum at manubriosternal angle?

A

rib 2

92
Q

in the mid-axillary line, the parietal pleura extends to the level of which rib?

A

rib 10

93
Q

which feature is a marker for the T10 dermatome?

A

umbiliucs

94
Q

Which fissure separates the middle and lower lobes of the right lung?

A

oblique fissure

95
Q

Which region are the parietal and visceral pleura continuous at?

A

hilum

96
Q

The vagus nerve accompanies which structure through the diaphragm?

A

Oesophagus

97
Q

What is the pubococcygeus?

A

part of the levator ani muscle, forms part of the pelvic diaphragm

98
Q

Which two muscles form the levator ani?

A

pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

99
Q

which two muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

A

pubococcygeus and coccygeus

100
Q

What are the three parts of pubococcygeus?

A

Puborectalis - forms a sling around rectum to maintain fecal continence
pubovaginalis supports the vagina in females
Puboprostaticus supports prostate in males

101
Q

What innervates pubococcygeus?

A

nerve to levator ani (direct S4) and pudendal nerve (S2-4 inferior rectal)

102
Q

Which ligaments hold the bladder in place?

A

Puboprostatic or pubovesical ligaments

103
Q

What is the arterial supply of the urinary bladder?

A

Superior vesical arteries from umbilical branch, inferior vesical arteries from anterior division of internal iliac

104
Q

What is the innervation of the urinary bladder?

A

ANS nerve supply from inferior hypogastric plexus

105
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

A space between the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm with a layer of fascia above and the perineal membrane below

106
Q

What is contained in the deep perineal pouch?

A

deep transverse perineal muscles, branches of pudendal nerve, branches of internal pudendal artery and vein, sphincter urethrae

107
Q

What is the sphincter urethrae?

A

voluntary skeletal control of urine from bladder

108
Q

Which parts of the urogenital system are in the deep perineal pouch?

A

urethra and vagina (females) or membranous urethra and bulbourethral gland (males

109
Q

What attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?

A

Mesovarium

110
Q

Which ligament runs between the ovary and uterus?

A

ligament of ovary

111
Q

Which ligament carries the ovarian vessels?

A

Suspensory ligament of ovary

112
Q

What is the arterial and venous supply of the ovary?

A

ovarian artery direct from aorta at L2, drained by ovarian veins (right to IVC, left to renal vein)

113
Q

What are the proximal attachments of gluteus maximus?

A

Sacrum, sacrotuberus ligament and surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line proximally

114
Q

What are the distal attachments of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

115
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

A

Extend hip and assist in lateral rotation

116
Q

What innervates gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

117
Q

What is the arterial supply to gluteus maximus?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

118
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

triangular space on anteromedial aspect of the thigh which contains the femoral sheath and canal

119
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius laterally, adductor longus medially, fascia lata and cribiform fascia form roof
iliacus, psoas and pectineus form floor

120
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral to medial: femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics

121
Q

What is contained in the femoral sheath?

A

femoral artery and vein, and femoral canal

122
Q

What is contained in the femoral canal?

A

Fat and lymphatics

123
Q

What is the root value of sciatic nerve?

A

anterior rami L4-S3

124
Q

Where does sciatic nerve leave the pelvis?

A

greater sciatic foramen, deep to piriformis

125
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide into tibial and common peroneal divisions?

A

In the posterior thigh

126
Q

Which compartment of muscles are supplied by the sciatic nerve?

A

posterior compartment of the thigh

127
Q

The anterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of which artery?

A

Popliteal artery at distal border of popliteus

128
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery pass through to enter the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

interosseous membrane

129
Q

The anterior tibial artery runs between tibialis anterior and which other muscles?

A

Extensor digitorum longus proximally then extensor hallucis longus distally

130
Q

Which artery gives rise to dorsalis pedis?

A

Anterior tibial artery

131
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

132
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Anterolateral band limits flexion, posteromedial band limits extension
Supports weight of body when knee is flexed and helps maintain contact between femur and tibia

133
Q

Which bones contribute to the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3

134
Q

Which structures provide dynamic support to the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

intrinsic muscles of the foot, FDL and FHL

135
Q

Which structures provide passive support to the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Plantar aponeurosis, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament and plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

136
Q

What is the function of the arches of the foot?

A

distribute weight, act as shock-absorbers and springboards

137
Q

What is the action of obturator internus?

A

Lateral rotation of hip

138
Q

What is the bulb of the penis composed of?

A

Erectile tissue

139
Q

Which type of fibres are present in the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

Autonomic (sympathtic and parasympathetic)

140
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

plantarflexion of the ankle joint

141
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Limit extension, abduction and lateral rotation of the hip

142
Q

What are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

143
Q

Which nerve innervates extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

144
Q

Which structure adds fructose to the liquid component of semen?

A

seminal vesicle

145
Q

what is the root value of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2,3,4

146
Q

the internal iliac is a terminal branch of which artery?

A

common iliac artery

147
Q

where does the coccygeus attach to the ischium?

A

ischial spine

148
Q

Lymph form the fundus of the uterus passes to which nodes?

A

aortic nodes

149
Q

Fimbriae are found where?

A

At the distal end of the uterine tube

150
Q

Which muscle of the perineum is composed of skeletal muscle?

A

bulbospongiosus

151
Q

Which muscle forms the roof of the adductor canal?

A

Sartorius

152
Q

Which adductor is partially innervated by the tibial division of sciatic?

A

Adductor magnus

153
Q

Which muscle flexes both the hip and the knee joints?

A

sartorius

154
Q

Which direction of rotation does gluteus medius contribute to?

A

Medial rotation of the thigh

155
Q

Which nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?

A

superior gluteal nerve

156
Q

Which ligament supports the body weight when the knee is flexed?

A

posterior cruciate

157
Q

Does the tibialis anterior invert or evert the foot?

A

Invert

158
Q

Which tendon creates a groove on the posterior aspect of the talus?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

159
Q

Which adductor muscle is supplied by the lateral plantar nerve?

A

adductor hallucis

160
Q

Adductor hallucis provides dynamic support for which arch of the foot?

A

transverse arch

161
Q

Superior vesical is a branch of which artery?

A

Umbilical artery

162
Q

Which rectal artery gives a branch to the prostate gland?

A

middle rectal

163
Q

Which is the largest branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

superior gluteal

164
Q

superior gluteal artery passes between which nerve roots?

A

S1 and S2

165
Q

Which nerve supplies branches to structures of the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Internal pudendal

166
Q

Sphincter urethrae lies within which perineal pouch?

A

Deep perineal pouch

167
Q

iliococcygeus attaches to the fascia above which muscle?

A

Obturator internus

168
Q

What is the most posterior part of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

coccygeus

169
Q

Which urinary sphincter is composed of smooth muscle?

A

sphincter vesicae

170
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A

Flex the trunk

171
Q

Which soft tissues extend as the corpus cavernosum in males?

A

Crura

172
Q

Which soft tissue structure passes through the inguinal canal?

A

vas deferens

173
Q

Which soft tissue structure crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery?

A

Ureter

174
Q

Which soft tissue structure lies directly posterior to the pubic bones

A

Bladder

175
Q

Which soft tissue structure is attached to the mesosalpinx?

A

uterine tube

176
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin between the first and second toe?

A

Deep peroneal

177
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve?

A

femoral

178
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin over the sacrum?

A

middle clunial

179
Q

Which cutaneous nerve passes through the greater sciatic foramen

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

180
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin on the posterolateral aspect of the leg?

A

Sural

181
Q

Which muscle of the leg can dorsiflex and evert the foot?

A

Peroneus tertius

182
Q

The tibial nerve passes deep to which calf muscle?

A

Soleus

183
Q

Peroneus longus is attached to which bones of the foot?

A

Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

184
Q

Which muscle is pierced by the deep peroneal nerve?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

185
Q

The tendon of which muscle creates a groove on the cuboid bone?

A

Peroneus longus

186
Q

Which major artery passes deep to the adductor longus muscle?

A

profunda femoris

187
Q

Which artery gives off many genicular branches?

A

popliteal

188
Q

Which artery gives off the fibular artery as a branch?

A

posterior tibial

189
Q

WHich artery passes deep to the flexor digitorum brevis muscle?

A

lateral plantar

190
Q

Which artery is a continuation of the femoral artery?

A

Popliteal

BMSc Anatomy (5 decks)

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