Revision Questions Flashcards
What are the identifying features of Monocots?
- Parallel leaf venation
- Flower parts in 3s (3-merous)
- One cotyledon in seed
- Vascular bundles scattered in stem
- Fibrous root system
- Cannot produce secondary thickening
What are the identifying features of Dicots?
- Reticulate/netted leaf venation
- Flower parts in 4s or 5s (4-merous or 5-merous)
- Two cotyledons in seed
- Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
- Tap root system
- Able to produce secondary thickening
List the key genera in the RUTACEAE family.
- Murraya
- Coleonema
What is a common problem faced by plants in the RUTACEAE family?
Root rot
Name two examples of plants in the RUTACEAE family.
- Murraya paniculata (Orange Jessamine)
- Coleonema pulchellum (Diosma)
What are the identifying features of the APOCYNACEAE family?
- Clear or milky sap (some degree of toxicity)
- Salverform to funnelform flowers
- Simple leaves usually opposite or whorled
List the key genera in the APOCYNACEAE family.
- Mandevilla
- Plumeria
- Nerium
- Trachelospermum
Name two examples of plants in the APOCYNACEAE family.
- Mandevilla sanderi (Brazilian Jasmine)
- Plumeria rubra (Frangipani)
What are the identifying features of the FABACEAE subfamily FABOIDEAE?
- Papilionate flowers
- Fruit is a pod
- Nitrogen fixing nodules
- Compound leaves
What is a key genus in the FABACEAE subfamily FABOIDEAE?
Wisteria
What are the identifying features of the CUPRESSACEAE family?
- Non-flowering plants (conifers)
- Mostly evergreens
- Small globular cones
List the key genera in the CUPRESSACEAE family.
- Chamaecyparis
- X Cupressocyparis
Name two examples of plants in the CUPRESSACEAE family.
- Chamaecyparis obtusa (Hinoki Cypress)
- X Cupressocyparis leylandii (Leyland Cypress)
Give examples of some twining climbers.
- Wisteria spp.
- Trachelospermum jasminoides
- Jasminum polyanthum
Give an example of a plant with hooks?
- Bougainvillea cvs
Give examples of some tendril climbers use?
- Pyrostegia venusta
- Parthenocissus tricuspidata
- Vitis vinifera
Give examples of plants with adventitious climbing roots?
- Hedera spp.
- Ficus pumila
What are some examples of non-flowering plants?
- Conifers: Chamaecyparis obtusa, X Cupressocyparis leylandii
- Ferns: Adiantum spp., Asplenium australasicum
- Cycads: Cycas revoluta
- Epiphytes: Asplenium australasicum
What are the tree growth forms?
- Broad domed
- Medium domed
- Narrow domed
- Fastigiate
- Columnar
- Conical
- Weeping
What are the shrub growth forms?
- Bun shaped
- Vase shaped
- Cane-like
- Horizontal
- Prostrate
What are the characteristics of Adiantum spp. (Maidenhair Fern)?
- Rhomboid pinnules
- Slender black stipes
- NOT drought tolerant
- Spreads slowly by rhizomes
- Requires moist, shady conditions
What are the characteristics of Asplenium australasicum (Birds Nest Fern)?
- Epiphytic fern
- Lanceolate fronds in a bowl shape
- Used commercially
- More drought tolerant than Maidenhair fern
What are the characteristics of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Hinoki/Japanese Cypress)?
- Flattened branchlets
- NOT drought tolerant
- Slow growing
- Long-lived
What are the characteristics of X Cupressocyparis leylandii (Leyland Cypress)?
- Fast-growing to 20+m tall
- Tolerates wind, frost, and salt
- Often banned for blocking light/views
- Needs regular pruning when used as hedge
What are the characteristics of Cycas revoluta (Japanese Sago Palm)?
- Pinnate leaves to 1.5m
- Seeds are toxic
- Slow growing
- Lower leaflets modified into spines
What are the characteristics of Cyathea australis (Rough Tree Fern)?
- Slow growing
- Trunk has prickly petioles
What are the characteristics of Cyathea cooperi (Coin Spot Tree Fern)?
- Fast growing
- Trunk has oval leaf scars
What are the characteristics of Dicksonia antarctica (Soft Tree Fern)?
- Most cold tolerant
- Can be propagated by cutting off trunk top
What are the characteristics of Bougainvillea cvs?
- Scrambling climber with hooks
- Tolerates drought and salt
- Colorful bracts
What are the characteristics of Ficus pumila (Creeping Fig)?
- Climber with adventitious climbing roots
- Shows heteroblasty
- Produces figs
- Can damage wall joints
What are the characteristics of Hedera spp. (Ivy)?
- Climber with adventitious climbing roots
- Shows heteroblasty
- Can be used as groundcover
- Can damage wall joints
What are the characteristics of Jasminum polyanthum (Spring Jasmine)?
- Twining climber
- Produces perfumed white flowers
- Can become a weed
- Tolerates light frost
What are the characteristics of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston Ivy)?
- Tendril climber
- Changes color in autumn
- Creates adhesive discs
- Deciduous
What are the characteristics of Pyrostegia venusta (Orange Trumpet Vine)?
- Tendril climber
- Orange tubular flowers
- Grows vigorously in warm humid climates
What are the characteristics of Trachelospermum jasminoides (Star Jasmine)?
- Twining climber
- White perfumed flowers
- Milky sap can be toxic
What are the characteristics of Vitis vinifera (Ornamental Grape)?
- Deciduous tendril climber
- Leaves change color in autumn
- Used on pergolas
What are the characteristics of Wisteria spp.?
- Deciduous twining climber
- Pendulous racemes of flowers
- CANNOT be safely grown up trees
What are the characteristics of Camellia japonica?
- Evergreen shrub
- Alternate elliptic leaves
- Flowers winter to spring
- Grows well in semi-shade
- double flowers, drop in entirety
What are the characteristics of Camellia sasanqua?
- More sun tolerant than C. japonica
- Flowers autumn to winter
- Flowers shatter when finished
- Single flowers
What are the characteristics of Coleonema pulchellum (Diosma)?
- Bun-shaped shrub
- Aromatic linear leaves
- CANNOT be rejuvenated with a hard prune
- Short-lived (10-15 years)
What are the characteristics of Euphorbia milii (Crown of Thorns)?
- Caustic milky sap
- Sprawling succulent shrub
- Drought and heat tolerant
What are the characteristics of Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia)?
- Short day plant
- Flowers in winter
- Deciduous in cold conditions
What are the characteristics of Gardenia augusta ‘Florida’
- Prefers moist acidic soils
- NOT suitable for low maintenance landscapes
What are the characteristics of Murraya paniculata (Orange Jessamine)?
- Popular hedging plant
- Perfumed white funnelform flowers
- Can spread by layers and suckers
What are the characteristics of Plumbago auriculata?
- Blue salverform flowers
- Scrambling shrub
- Can spread by layers and suckers
What are the characteristics of Tibouchina spp.?
- NOT drought tolerant
- Purple to pink flowers in autumn
- Tolerates pruning but reduces flowering
