Revision P2 Flashcards
Define the term development.
Development refers to the process of economic growth and improvements in the quality of life.
How is development measured using different indicators?
Development is measured using indicators such as:
* Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
* GDP per capita
* Human Development Index (HDI)
* Happiness
* Corruption
What is the Human Development Index (HDI) and how is it calculated?
The HDI is a composite measure calculated using four indicators: life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and per capita income.
What is a composite measure and why are they beneficial?
A composite measure combines multiple indicators into a single index, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of development.
What are quantitative and qualitative measures?
Quantitative measures are numerical and statistical, while qualitative measures are descriptive and assess subjective aspects of development.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative measures?
Advantages:
* Objective and easy to compare
* Can be statistically analyzed
* Only one right answer
Disadvantages:
* May overlook qualitative aspects
* Can be misleading if data is incomplete
What are the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative measures?
Advantages:
* Provides in-depth insights
* Captures subjective experiences
Disadvantages:
* Subjective and harder to compare
* May lack statistical rigor
Describe the global pattern of development.
Development is uneven across the globe, with significant disparities between developed and developing countries, often influenced by various factors.
Why is the Brandt line no longer used on maps?
The Brandt line is outdated as it oversimplifies the complexity of global development and does not accurately reflect current economic and social realities.
What geographical skills can be used to identify patterns of development?
Geographical skills include:
* Identifying patterns on maps
* Analyzing graphs (scatter graphs, bar charts, pie charts)
* Calculating mean, median, mode, percentage increase, and percentage decrease
What physical factors affect levels of development?
Physical factors include:
* Presence of raw materials
* Inaccessibility (e.g., mountains)
* Climate issues (e.g., flooding, disease, infertile soils)
What historic factors contribute to differences in development?
Historic factors include:
* War and conflict
* Political instability and corruption
* History of colonialism
What economic factors influence levels of development?
Economic factors include:
* Debt and need to repay loans
* Building of infrastructure (e.g., through foreign direct investment)
Describe the differences in quality of life between developed and developing countries.
Quality of life in developed countries generally includes higher income, better healthcare, and education, while developing countries often face poverty, limited access to services, and lower life expectancy.
How should development be approached to be sustainable?
Development needs to be socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable to ensure long-term benefits and avoid depleting resources.
